(16.2)

Density (mass/volume): an object will float in a fluid if it is less dense than that fluid. 

Pressure (force/area): pressure is applied throughout a fluid

·       For a given force, if the area is smaller, the pressure will be greater

·      hydraulic lifts make use of this principle

Viscosity: a fluid’s resistance to flow; determined by molecular structure

·      Increased temperature will lower viscosity (heating = runnier)

 (16.3)

Pressure is measured in units called pascals (Pa)

·       Collisions of air molecules are what causes atmospheric pressure

·      Air molecules colliding with the walls of their container cause gas pressure (ex. the molecules inside a balloon collide with the balloon, making it inflated)

Boyle’s Law—relates pressure and volume

·      As pressure increases, volume decreases (pushing on a balloon makes it smaller)

·      Pressure decreases as volume increases

·      Pressure times volume is constant (if temperature is constant)

Charles’s Law—relates volume and temperature

·      At a constant pressure, volume increases as temperature increases (balloon gets bigger if you heat it)

·      At a constant pressure, volume decreases as temperature decreases (soda can collapses when the gas inside it is cooled)

Gay-Lussac’s Law—relates pressure and temperature

·       At a constant volume, pressure increases as temperature increases