CHAPTER 2
THE ILLUMINATI, FREE MASONRY, AND SKULL AND BONES
THE ILLUMANTI AND FREE MASONRY. The Illuminati was secretly formed by several Freemasons in Bavaria in 1776. It was created to carry out the plans of the Freemasons: to create a "one world movement" by gaining power in elite circles of the European countries so as to influence the nations' leaders. At that time, an estimated three million Europeans identified themselves as Freemasons.
In the eighteenth century, the Illuminati moved from Bavaria to Frankfurt where its members connected themselves to the Rothschild banking family. The Illuminati desperately needed money to finance their effort to establish a New World Order. Freemasonry began to branch out, and in the late 1700s, several members established the Illuminati in the United States. One of its first leaders was Alexander Hamilton.
SKULL AND BONES. SKULL AND BONES SOCIETY. In 1932, William Russell and 14 other Yale University students formed a senior society, Skull and Bones. Soon thereafter, it was changed to the Order of Skull and Bones. This spartan group had Masonic overtones and rituals similar to those of the Illuminati. The Skull and Bones was also the secret symbols of Freemasonry.
In 1832, General William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft assembled the secret Skull and Bones Society at Yale University. Taft was the grandfather of former President Howard Taft. The elite organization began was established for the elite children of the Anglo-American Wall Street banking establishment. Other prominent members included the Rockefellers (Standard Oil), the Weyerhaeusers (lumber), the Harrimans (railroads), and the Pillsburys (flour milling)
Skull and Bones was incorporated in 1856 under the name “Russell Trust Association.” By special act of the state legislature in 1943, its trustees are exempted from the normal requirement of filing corporate reports with the Connecticut secretary of state.
In 1823, William Huntington Russell’s stepbrother, Samuel Russell, established “Russell & Company,” the world’s largest opium smuggling operation in the world at the time. Its business was to acquire opium from Turkey and smuggle it into China, where it was strictly prohibited by the British Empire. By the 1830s, the Russells had made Connecticut the primary center of the United States opium racket. (The Atlantic Monthly, May 2000)
The secretive Order of Skull and Bones existed only at Yale where 15 juniors were chosen each year by the seniors to be initiated into the following year’s group. Each initiate was given $15,000 and a grandfather clock. Russell went on to become a general and a state legislator in Connecticut.
At first, the society held its meetings in hired halls. Then in 1856, the tomb was constructed, where to this day the “Bonesmen” hold their “strange, occultist” initiation rites and meet each Thursday and Sunday. That same year, a group calling itself “The Order of File and Claw” broke into the Skull and Bones’ holy of holies. In the tomb, they found black velvet on the walls. There was a sanctum furnished in red velvet with a pentagram on the wall. In the hall were pictures of the founders of Bones at Yale, and of members of the Society in Germany, when the chapter was established. In another room, there was an old engraving representing an open burial vault, in which was four human skulls.
After George W. Bush was elected president, The Observer (July 17, 2000) reported on a ritual carried out by the Skull and Bones Society at Yale. On April 24, 2002, -- for the first time ever – outsiders witnessed the rituals of the Skull and Bones Society. Using high-tech night-vision video equipment, the team witnessed:
A robed Bonesman posed as George W. Bush saying in a Texas drawl: “I’m gonna ream you like I reamed Al Gore” and “I’m gonna kill you like I killed Al Gore.”
Privileged Skull and Bones members mocked the assault on Abner Louima by crying out repeatedly, “Take that plunger out of my ass!”
Skull and Bones members hurled obscene sexual insults (“lick my bumhole”) at initiates as they were forced to kneel and kiss a skull at the feet of the initiators.
Other members acted out the tableau of a throat-cutting ritual murder.
Further revelations turned up by the Observer Bones Investigation Unit included:
The words to the secret Skull and Bones “death mantra.”
Copies of the Skull and Bones tax returns, obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests, raised questions about the legitimacy of the secret society’s claim to charitable tax-exempt deduction status–particularly relevant considering recent criticism of the Bush tax plan for favoring the privileged few. (The Observer, July 17, 2000)
Author Antony Sutton outlined a link among many of the society’s members. For example, W. C. Whitney, who married Flora Payne of the Standard Oil Payne dynasty, was Secretary of the Navy in the late 1800s. His attorney was Elihu Root who hired Henry Stimson, and he eventually succeeded as Secretary of War in 1911. Stimson had been appointed by fellow Bonesman William Howard Taft. Stimson later became Coolidge’s governor-general of the Philippine Islands, Hoover’s Secretary of State, and Secretary of War during the Roosevelt and Truman administrations. Bonesman Hollister Bundy was Stimson’s special assistant and point man in the Pentagon for the Manhattan Project. His two sons, also members of Skull and Bones, were William Bundy and McGeorge Bundy, who worked in the CIA, the Department of Defense and the State Department, and as assistants to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson.
Averil Harriman and his brother Roland Harriman were directors of Brown Brothers along with Prescott Bush, father of George. Since the turn of the century, two investment bank firms, Guaranty Trust and Brown Brothers, Harriman, were both dominated by members of Skull and Bones. These two firms were heavily involved in the financing of communism and Hitler’s regime. As minister to Great Britain, Averil Harriman, was in charge of Lend-Lease for Britain and the Soviet Union as well as for shipping entire factories into Russia. Harriman also oversaw the transfer of nuclear secrets, plutonium and United States dollar printing plates to the Soviet Union.
Many in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) were Bonesmen. Robert Lovett advised the government on the post-World War II organization of American intelligence activities. He pushed for a resumption of the wartime OSS, and the CIA was established in 1947. F. Trubee Davison was Director of Personnel at the CIA in the early years. Other Bonesmen, who entered the intelligence community, were Sloane Coffin, Jr., V. Van Dine, James Buckley, Bill Buckley, Hugh Cunnigham, Hugh Wilson, Reuben Holden, Charles R. Walker, Robert D. French, Archibald MacLiesh, Dino Pionzio ( CIA Deputy Chief of Station during the 1973 Allende coup), Richard A. Moore, Senator John Kerry, William and McGeorge Bundy.
Another Bonesman was David Boren. He suddenly resigned from his powerful United States Senate seat in 1994 – two years before it was over. He took a much less important job of President of the University of Oklahoma. According to Michael Wright of Norman, Oklahoma. Boren’s resignation followed 1993 accusations by Queer Nation activist Michael Petrelis, who claimed that Boren had sexually harassed his male staffmembers. This of course was not publicized in Oklahoma. (http://members.aol.com/mpwright9/boren.html)
According to investigative reporter and author Wright, “In the spring of 2000, geophysics professor David Deming was persecuted with a bogus ‘sexual harassment’complaint because local male-bashers disagreed with a letter he wrote for publication in the campus newspaper. The ordeal ended only when Deming’s attorney informed leaders of the Boren gang that he was about to file a lawsuit in federal court.”
Wright pointed out that “Oklahoma University was forced to re-admit wrestler Chance Shipman after Shipman threatened a lawsuit over the fact that he was expelled during the fall 2001 semester after being falsely accused of a ‘hate crime’ against Mohammad Yaseen Haider, the former President of the Pakistan Student Association. The expulsion of Shipman took place not long after a friendly meeting between Boren and Haider.”
During the fall of 2001, Haider was “attacked by two American Oklahoma University students, wrestler Chance Shipman and Gary Don Frizzell.” Author Wright reported that Shipman and Frizell were “charged with assault and battery after a September 16 incident.” According to Wright, “Haider currently sits in custody at the Oklahoma County Detention Center, where he has been since the Immigration and Naturalization Service arrested him November 8.” He indicted for “sending an anthrax threat by e-mail.” (See http://members.aol.com/mpwright9/boren.html)
Other Bonesmen included Thomas Daniels, founder of Archer Daniels Midland; Gifford Pinchot, President Theodore Roosevelt's chief forester; Frederick Weyerhaeuser; Harold Stanley, founder of Morgan Stanley Investments; Alfred Cowles of Cowles Communication; Henry P. Davison, senior partner of Morgan Guaranty Trust; Thomas Cochran, a Morgan partner; Senator John Heinz; Pierre Jay, first chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; George Herbert Walker, Jr., financier and co-founder of the New York Mets; Artemus Gates, president of New York Trust Company, Union Pacific, Time magazine, and Boeing; William Draper III of the Defense Department, United Nations, and the Import-Export Bank; Dean Witter, Jr., investment banker; Senator Jonathan Bingham; Potter Stewart, Supreme Court Justice; Senator John Chaffe; Harry Payne Whitney, husband of Gertrude Vanderbilt, investment banker; Russell W. Davenport, editor of Fortune Magazine; Evan G. Galbraith, ambassador to France and managing director of Morgan Stanley; Judge John Steadman of the Court of Appeals in the District of Columbia; Richard Gow, president Zapata Oil; Amory Howe Bradford, husband of Carol Warburg Rothschild and general manager for the New York Times; C. E. Lord, Comptroller of the Currency; Winston Lord, chairman of CFR, ambassador to China, and assistant Secretary of State in the Clinton administration; and John Lilley, ambassador to China.