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Texbook (CH. 39) India: (Ghandi and Nehru) -"In the wake of world World War II, the power of Asian nationalism was irrepressible." "These lands encountered different conditions in their quests for independence and freedom from imperial control, but everywhere Asian nationalists rallied their people against colonialism and imperialism." "Peoples in former colonial world labored to build national identities, balancing their tradtions against demands for development." -After WWII Churchil and "his conservative government was replaced with a Labour government more inclined to dismantle the empire. The economic devastation of the war made it unrealistic for Britain to continue bearing the financial burden of empire in India.' -Ghandi's vision: One india: "condemned the division of his homeland as 'vivisection'; 'rivers of blood' would flow in the wake of partition" -By mid-1948 est. 10 mill refugees made journey to one or the other state; between 1/2 and 1 mill people died in the violence that accompanied the massive human migrations. -How powers acted: Dutch and French -tenaciously battleed to maintain imperial control in Asia Britt- realized they could not hold possesions w/o coop from colonial people...method of decolonizaton tested in canada...India & Pakistan gained indep yet retained ties to Brit, becoming Dominion members in the British Commonwealth and adopting Eng. as their first offical lang. Algeria (from France) - -Alg. Frantz Fanon: urged the use of violence against colonial oppressors as a means of overcoming the racist degradation experienced by peples in developing or colonial nations outiside the Soviet-US sphere. Africa - Grow natinalism (celebrate blackness and Africaness)- workers' strikes against oppressive labor practices and the low wages paid by colonial overlords in areas like the Gold Coast and Northern Rhodesia. -independent Christ. churches also provided avenues for anticolonial agitaion( prohpet Simon Kimbangu in Belgian Congo promised his churchgoers that God would delieve them from imperial control) -Kenya - rebels b/c of nationalism and hatred towards settlers: 30s & 40s white settlers pushed them off the most fertile highland farm areas and reduced them to the status of wage slaves or relocated them to overcrowded 'tribal reserves'. Packet- The Conditions of India - Mr. Dadabhai Naoroji : "India is the pivot of the British Empire. If India is lost to the British Empire the sun of the British Empire will be set" "The way you [Brittan] secures life and property is by protecting it from open violence by anybody else,taking care that you yourselves should take away that property" Ghandi-Nonviolence Muhammad Ali Jinnah - Two Nations - Muslim League
