The Child:
- is often ignored or pushed aside when trying to tell
parents something.
- is afraid to tell parents of minor misdeeds, such as
breaking a toy.
- engages in role reversal wherein the child assumes the
parent's role of providing care and emotional support.
- suffers from severe developmental lags (speech, motor,
sensory) without an obvious physical cause.
- displays extreme and unpredictable behavior
- ranging from being unusually aggressive and destructive
to being extremely passive and withdrawn.
- demonstrates lack of attachment to parents.
- is excessively clingy or, in the absence of the parents, is
inappropriately affectionate with strangers.
- exhibits sudden changes in behavior, displaying regressive behavior
- such as pants wetting or thumb sucking, whining
frequently, becoming disruptive, or becoming uncommonly shy and passive.
- is very demanding of affection or attention.
- engages in delinquent acts or abuses alcohol or street
drugs.

