The earth consists of four major spheres. The lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

The lithosphere is the rocky, solid crust covering the entire earth. It is inorganic and consists of minerals.

The biosphere consists of all living organsims. Plants, animals and one-celled organisms make up the biosphere.

The hydrosphere is all the water on or around the earth. Lakes, oceans, rives, streams, ponds are all part of the hydrosphere including the moisture in the air.

The atmosphere composes of different gases which are most likely located close to the surface of the earth. The amosphere on earth is made up of 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen. The rest is made up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

These four spheres are all related. Everything in the earth can be traced back to each sphere. Soil, for example, has all four spheres. The hydrosphere, which is the moisture in the soil, the litosphere, containing minerals in the soil, the biosphere, consisting of insects and other organsims, and the atmoshpere which are the pockets of air between the soil particles.