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Langston Hughes...
Langston Hughes (1902-1967)   American poet, 
 best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance... 

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 Pastel drawing of Hughes by Winold Reiss
       I was ten in the spring of '61.  It had been a long, cold, oppressive Midwestern winter... freezing snow, chunks of ice, lots of days spent indoors reading, like a prisoner.  And my teacher was at the blackboard.  I gazed out the window at clouds drifting across the sky, they resembled the chunks of ice floating on the Missouri river, curving past in the bottomlands.  I was sitting at my Lusher Elementary School desk Florissant, Missouri. The school was surrounded by patchwork tract homes and farmland.  I walked two blocks to school every day, savoring a fragrance of spring apple blossoms.  I suffered the boredom of each grim and inglorious day
       Lusher was a  low, featureless brick building, hemmed in by cornfields and surrounded by overlapping chain link fences. The suburban sprawl surrounding the institution was stifling, fixed, and rigid.   Not far away, closer to the riverbank,  was a wilderness of mysterious caves which perforated the the forested bluffs.     
       The sparsely-populated neighborhoods were punctuated by crawdad-filled creeks, etched crevices in the rich, dark, muddy, Missouri river bottomland soil.1
On ragged rural roads, unpainted farmhouses stood as testaments to dying traditions.  Most needed paint.  This was a letdown. I longed for the city. 
       Previously, downtown (about twenty miles to the east), I remembered a frenzy of streetcars criss-crossing an electric network of magic, invention, and excitement.  Blues sparks cat-danced from conduits, while streetcars and automobiles wrestled for control.  When the streetcars zigged and zagged across the city, electrical current surged and ebbed, blue-green snaps when the conductor braked at intersections, and white-lightening flashes when we started to gain speed. It was transcendent.
        St. Louis was a metropolis in transition..  It was a grand center of country, continent, and century. A self-professed gateway to unimagined vistas.  A harbinger of dreams...  The city was overwhelmed.  We were in the crux of an inevitable and unrelenting migration.  Thousand of families fled to the countryside, inspired by a meeting of rivers.2  When my family made that journey, I felt like I had been thrown to the wolves in an unfamiliar hostile place.
           I reluctantly wandered the new Americana.  When my explorations took me to the river I took some solace in those waters, but what kept me sane were excursions with dad to downtown St. Louis, the dreamscape.  Gaslight square, old Victorians, art galleries, shops, jazz clubs, and the coffeehouse culture of the era were a thrill.  One of the sweeter hangouts was "The Exit" a coffeehouse on the square.  There were art shows and fragrant  clouds of smoke upstairs, while downstairs, the sounds of folk, blues, poetry, and animated voices filled the air.  The hipsters and hangers on of the "Beatnik era," celebrated clueless pundits, explored the limits of perception, plotted revolution, or engaged in synergistic machinations, communal psychosis, lynguistic ecstacy, or collective redemption.  
          In strange synchronicity, in spite of Kerouac's sad nostalgia, or because of Ginsberg's mad-ravings, underneath the vapid sensationalism, reality artists and jazz musicians, steeped in the blues, exchanged small wisdomWhile these seekers broke new ground, they kept a melancholy faith... planting seeds and nurturing strange beginnings.
          My fifth grade teacher, Mr. Miller, loved jazz and resembled Steve Allen.  He was generally clean-cut and conservative-looking, but in sideways glances revealed hints of pathos, perception, or desperation.  Unsettling depths. 
He was a nondescript and unremarkable teacher. This term we we studied poetry and I had been quiet in class...  (Bored with school, alienated, aching for city-lights.  I missed Forest Park of World's  fair fame, and the zigzag, auto-electric avenues.  But when Mr. Miller asked the class if anyone liked poetry, in spite of my natural inclinations, I raised my hand.  In a moment of courage, I offered to share something I had heard at the The Exit.  Then I hesitated, uncertain.
          Mr. Miller normally seemed bored witless by his vocation, but on this occasion he turned in my direction with a 
curious gleam in his eye.  It emanated from some locus behind his left pupil...  A grin crept across his face.  I was startled by the transformation and nearly decided to take my seat.  But something kept me standing.  When I was asked to continue, I opened my mouth, the hairs on the back of my neck tingled, and I recited one poem from memory. . 
          "I went down to the river.  I set down on the bank.  I tried to think but couldn't.  So I jumped in and sank..."  I meandered through the music of the verses, dazed, amazed, and fearless.  Mr. Miller and the rest of the class, in rapt attention or undisguised wonder, remained alert and attentive until the final lines..."Though you may hear me holler, And you may see me cry-- I'll be dogged, sweet baby, If you gonna see me die.  Life is fine! Fine as wine! Life is fine!*"
          Mr. Miller was simultaneously wide-eyed, terrified, and thrilled.  My classmates cheered and jeered, alternating between fright, delight, horror, and confusion.  After some moments, in its own good time, the class moved along.  The world turned and rivers rushed to the sea.  I was triumphant, celebratory, and once more invisible.  While my teacher retreated to grading papers, I was dizzy with hope.  The hard-edged small wisdom of Langston Hughes sanctified that classroom in joy.  I will not forget.      
     ~~Timothy Flanagan
                                    
Box 22   
Lake Oswego, Oregon 97034-0003
503.697.1670


1River pictures from: http://www.rudisphotoworld.com/ ©Rudi Holnsteiner
2Confluence pictures: http://www.byways.org/browse/byways/10393/overview.html
© November 1999. Don Miller   /  
http://www.ncteamericancollection.org/cora_hughes_links.htm

*From The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, published by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Copyright © 1994
portrait of Langston HughesPhotograph of Langston Hughes by James Allen
What happens to a dream deferred
Does it dry up 
Like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a sore-- 
And then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat? 
Or crust and sugar over-- 
like a syrupy sweet? 
Maybe it just sags 
like a heavy load. 
Or does it explode?  ~Langston Hughes

A Dream Deferred (by Langston Hughes)  
A Dream Deferred. by Langston Hughes. Hughes homepage. What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? ...
www.cswnet.com/~menamc/langston.htm

Analysis of "Harlem - A Dream Deferred"  
The question, “What happens to a dream deferred?” appears to be answered with nothing but more questions.
 But if we analyze each question we get an idea ...
webpages.charter.net/classicpoetry/ harlemadreamdeferred.htm

Collected Works of Langston Hughes #01: The Poems: 1921-1940 Cover Collected Works of Langston Hughes #01:
The Poems: 1921-1940

ISBN: 0826213391
 
Langston Hughes (1902-1967) : Teacher Resource File
Biography, bibliography, criticism, unit and lesson plans on
Langston Hughes
falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/hughes.htm

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