The visible spectrum (or sometimes optical spectrum) is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. There are no exact bounds to the visible spectrum; a typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm, although some people may be able to perceive wavelengths from 380 to 780 nm. A light-adapted eye typically has its maximum sensitivity at around 555 nm, in the green region of the optical spectrum (see: luminosity function). The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Brown and pink are absent, for example. See Color to understand why.

Wavelengths visible to the eye also pass through the "optical window", the region of the electromagnetic spectrum which passes largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere (although blue light is scattered more than red light, which is the reason the sky is blue). The response of the human eye is defined by subjective testing (see CIE), but the atmospheric windows are defined by physical measurement. The "visible window" is so called because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum; the near infrared (NIR) windows lie just out of human response window, and the Medium Wavelength IR (MWIR) and Long Wavelength or Far Infrared (FIR or LWIR) are far beyond the human response region.

The eyes of many species perceive wavelengths different than the spectrum visible to the human eye. For example, many insects, such as bees, can see light in the ultraviolet, which is useful for finding nectar in flowers. For this reason, plant species whose life cycles are linked to insect pollination may owe their reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light. Thus, the true color of flowers may be in the ultraviolet spectrum.

 

Astronomy Notes

Part 3: Light

John P. Pratt

Light: Wave or Particle?

• Newton proposed that light is a particle, like little bullets.
• Huygens argued that it is a wave, like sound.
• From 1650-1900 the wave theory was accepted.
• Now it is believed that light is "both" an electromagnetic wave and a particle called a photon.

Waves

• Waves have a wavelength, which is the distance between peaks in the waves.
• Waves have a frequency, which is the number of cycles per second passing a point.
• The frequency times the wavelength equals the speed of the wave: fl = s.
• That means that the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

The Visible Spectrum of Light

• Newton showed that white light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow.
• The colors of the spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet
• The wavelength of light goes from 400 (violet) to 700 (red) nm ( 1 nm = nanometer = 10^-9 meter).

The Full Spectrum of Light

• Visible light is only a tiny portion of the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
• Gamma Rays are super high energy, very short wavelength, being about 0.01 nm.
• X-ray are very high energy so they penetrate flesh but not bones, being about 0.1 to 1.0 nm.
• Ultraviolet waves are too short to see, being in the 10-100 nm range.
• Visible light is 400-700 nm, going from violet to red.
• Infrared waves are too long to see, being in the 1 - 100 µ range (i.e. 1,000 nm to 0.1 mm).
• Microwaves are in the .1 mm to 1 mm range.
• Radio waves extend from 1 cm to many km in wavelength.

The relation of wavelength and frequency for light

• The speed of light is constant, and is called simply "c". It equals 3.0 x 10⁸m/sec.
• So frequency x wavelength = speed, or fl = c.
• Example: What is the wavelength of FM 100 waves? (100 means 100 MHz, or 100 million cycles per sec.)
• l = c/f = 3 x 10⁸m/sec / 100 x 10⁶/sec
• l = 3 m. So the wavelength of music on FM radio is about 3 meters. (10 feet).
• AM radio (at 1000 KHz) is about 300 meters.

Wave Properties of light

• Refraction: light slows down in a transparent medium, causing it to bend.
• Dispersion: Refraction depends on wavelength, causing blue to bend more than red, giving rainbows
• Diffraction: Light bends around corners.
• Doppler Effect: If a light source is moving away from us, it's spectrum is shifted towards the red.

Particle Properties of light

• Light comes in discrete units, like little bullets, called photons
• The photoelectric effect:
• A tiny blue light can knock some electrons off a metal plate.
• A bright red beacon cannot eject any electrons from the same plate.
• Hence, light cannot be a wave, or the huge red light would eject at least a few electrons.
• It must be that blue light is like high power bullets, and red light like BB's.
• The energy of light is proportional to its frequency: E = hf, where h is a constant.

Temperature

• Temperature is a measure of the average speed of a body's molecular motion.
• Astronomers use absolute temperature measured in degrees Kelvin, or simply Kelvins.
• One kelvin is the same as 1° C.
• Absolute zero = 0 K = -273° C is where essentially all motion stops.

Thermal Radiation

• All objects radiate (give off light) according to their temperature.
• Wien's Law: The hotter an object, the bluer the radiation it emits.
• (The hotter an object the more light it emits at all wavelengths, but the peak shifts towards blue.)
• Wavelength varies inversely with temperature: 10 times the temperature = 1/10 the wavelength.

Emission Lines

• A hot gas does not emit a smooth spectrum as do hot solid or liquid bodies.
• Instead, the light it emits is restricted to a few very precise wavelengths called emission lines.
• The theory is that electrons are dropping down fixed energy levels in the atomic electron shells.
• Electrons in the lowest energy level are in the "ground state." Others are in "excited states."
• The most important visible line is the red line called H alpha in hydrogen gas.

Absorption Lines

• When light passes through a cool gas, it absorbs out the same lines that it would emit if hot.
• Thus the light spectrum has black lines in it which identify the element and its temperature.

Molecular lines

• Molecules give off groups of narrowly spaced lines called bands.
• They are much lower energy than atoms and tend to be in the infrared wavelengths.
• There are both emission and absorption lines for molecules, as for atoms.
• Water vapor absorbs much infrared light, so observatories are on mountains to get above it.

 

 

I want to tell you about Jesus Christ who is the Lamb of God, high priest of God, and the king.

 

The Lamb

 

The priest

 

The king

 

Jesus Christ was all these three things,

 

 John 1

 

 1.  In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

 2.  He was with God in the beginning.

 3.  Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made

Romans 8

 3.  For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the sinful nature,  God did by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful man to be a sin offering.  And so he condemned sin in sinful man,

 

  When it came time, he had to be offered up as a perfect sacrifice for the sin of the world.  He was without spot or blemish, so he can be the only qualified candidate to take on our penalty of sin.  Jesus Christ never sinned, but kept, the whole law of Moses.  So when he went on the cross, he was offered up as a sacrifice for sin, just like the Lamb in the Old Testament was offered up for sin for the people.  So Jesus Christ, at this time was the Lamb of God.

John 1:29.  The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! 

 

Hebrews 5: 6.  Then I saw a Lamb, looking as if it had been slain, standing in the center of the throne, encircled by the four living creatures and the elders. He had seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits  of God sent out into all the earth.

 7.  He came and took the scroll from the right hand of him who sat on the throne.

 8.  And when he had taken it, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb. Each one had a harp and they were holding golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.

 9.  And they sang a new song: "You are worthy to take the scroll and to open its seals, because you were slain, and with your blood you purchased men for God from every tribe and language and people and nation.

 10.  You have made them to be a kingdom and priests to serve our God, and they will reign on the earth."

 11.  Then I looked and heard the voice of many angels, numbering thousands upon thousands, and ten thousand times ten thousand. They encircled the throne and the living creatures and the elders.

 12.  In a loud voice they sang: "Worthy is the Lamb, who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and praise!"

 13.  Then I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and on the sea, and all that is in them, singing: "To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be praise and honor and glory and power, for ever and ever!"

 

  The spotless Lamb of God, who was offered on for sin, to pay the penalty for the sins of the world.  In this he fulfilled his role as being the Lamb of God, that is why his first role was to become flesh, to take on human form, so he can be functioning as a man on earth.  Therefore, to be offered as a perfect sacrifice for the sins of man.  During Jesus is 33 years on earth, he did not sin one time, therefore he fully obeyed the law of Moses including the 10 Commandments.  He had to be tested by God, and tempted in every way so he can be proven as the perfect, spotless, sinless Lamb of God.

 

And this phase of his life, this was his first appearance on earth, as being a sacrificial lamb, which is represented by the color of red for blood.  And to add to say again that the color red is the first visible color that is seen by the human eye.

 

After Jesus was risen from the dead, he spent the next 40 days testifying of his resurrection, but there was a point in time within this 40 days that he had to take his own blood and offer it up and sprinkle it in the tabernacle of heaven.

 

John 20: 15.  "Woman," he said, "why are you crying? Who is it you are looking for?"   Thinking he was the gardener, she said, "Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will get him."

 16.  Jesus said to her, "Mary."   She turned toward him and cried out in Aramaic, "Rabboni!" (which means Teacher).

 17.  Jesus said, "Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet returned to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, `I am returning to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.'"

 18.  Mary Magdalene went to the disciples with the news: "I have seen the Lord!" And she told them that he had said these things to her.

 19.  On the evening of that first day of the week, when the disciples were together, with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you!"

 20.  After he said this, he showed them his hands and side. The disciples were overjoyed when they saw the Lord.

 21.  Again Jesus said, "Peace be with you! As the Father has sent me, I am sending you."

 22.  And with that he breathed on them and said, "Receive the Holy Spirit.

 23.  If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven."

 24.  Now Thomas (called Didymus), one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus came.

 25.  So the other disciples told him, "We have seen the Lord!"   But he said to them, "Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it."

 26.  A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you!"

 27.  Then he said to Thomas, "Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe."

 28.  Thomas said to him, "My Lord and my God!"

 29.  Then Jesus told him, "Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed."

 30.  Jesus did many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book.

 31.  But these are written that you may  believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.

 

  Because at one point he told Mary not to touch me because I have not ascended to the father. This is because Jesus had to go to heaven to offer up his blood in the tabernacle of heaven.  He did not want nobody to touch him because he had to offer up his blood in heaven, and I believe, Jesus gathered up, his own blood to bring it to the altar of heaven, and as the high priest he offered up his own blood on the altar.  This is why he could not be touched because he did not want to have his offering defiled.  After this was done he returned to Earth, then showed himself to the disciples.  Shortly after that he had Thomas touches side.  At this point when he took his own blood and now having moved into the role of  high priest he entered heaven himself to offer up his own blood once and for all for all the sins of mankind past, present, future.  Then after 40 days of being on the earth after his resurrection he permanently ascended into heaven.

 

 

And you will notice, the next color have to read is orange-gold , this color represents the resurrection from the dead, why do I say that, Orange represents the three days that he was dead and gold represents the glory of God which was demonstrated when he raised Christ from the dead.  Then the next color, after these colors is the color green which represents life the abundant life, as Christ walked on the earth for 40 days, and his new resurrected glorified body, which is the body that is no longer subject to death, sickness, hunger, poverty and disease.  Also he was no longer subject to Earth's physical and natural laws, since he can, go through walls, ascend up and down from heaven.  The color green, is the natural color of life for earth.  The color green as you notice from the top picture is right in the middle of the visible light color spectrum.  Again I say the 40 days that Jesus spent on the earth is represented by this green color.  Now when he ascended to heaven, going up into the sky, which is the color blue represents Jesus as being the high priest to God.

 

Hebrews 5: 5.  So Christ also did not take upon himself the glory of becoming a high priest. But God said to him, "You are my Son; today I have become your Father. "

 6.  And he says in another place, "You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek."

 7.  During the days of Jesus' life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission.

 8.  Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered

 9.  and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him

 10.  and was designated by God to be high priest in the order of Melchizedek.

Once he, offered up his blood in the tabernacle of heaven, he is now the high priest of God being the mediator between God and man.

 

 

Hebrews 6: 20.  where Jesus, who went before us, has entered on our behalf. He has become a high priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek.  As you can tell, the order of Melchizedek is a priesthood that is endless, indestructible and not replaceable, in other words, Jesus Christ is our eternal high priest, he is the mediator between God and man.  The priesthood that the Levites had was only a shadow and a copy of the true priesthood that Jesus Christ represents.

 

The Levites under the old order, offer up the blood of bulls and goat's if I K. the on the the only when I in

 

Hebrews 2: 17.  For this reason he had to be made like his brothers in every way, in order that he might become a merciful and faithful high priest in service to God, and that he might make atonement for  the sins of the people.

 

 18.  Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted.

 Now he is going before God, to make intercession for the people who have sinned against God.  Now at this present time he is acting as our high priest.

 

Sometime in the near future when he returns to Earth to rule and to rain for a thousand years, he will then be the king, Master and Lord of all things.  And this thousand years he will show his role as king of all creation.  You will notice, that the color red which is represented by blood is the first visible light seen by the human eye at its lowest wavelength.  Then after the color red comes orange which represents the fire that burns to sacrifice when is accepted by God.  Also at some point within this orange, yellow spectrum which looks like gold is the glory of God manifested.  This symbolizes Christ's been raised from the dead with the power of the resurrection power of the Holy Spirit.  The next color on a spectrum is green which represents life abundant life, this represents the 40 days that Jesus remained on the earth in his is glorified body.  And when Jesus ascended to heaven heaven is always represented by the color blue just like the sky is blue.  This also represents the color of the high priest, so as Jesus ascended into heaven, fully acting as our high priest.  Then the last visible light in a spectrum that the eye could see before it disappears is purple, Violet.  When Jesus returns to the earth, he will function in the role of King.  Loyalty, kingship is always represented by the color purple or violent.  When you go up higher in frequency and the color light wavelength scale it becomes ultraviolet.  At this point the human eye cannot see this light anymore.  Ultraviolet light is invisible to the eye, at this point after the thousand year reign of Christ I believe that Jesus will leave the earth and I'm assuming.  As you can see, when you look at the rainbow in the sky you can see that the first color on top starts out to be red, and as you go down the rainbow the colors eventually turn into Violet.  The way that God set up to a physical natural laws, shows that the word ascended out of heaven and was made flesh.  On the bottom of the rainbow the last color is Violet, after this there is no more rainbow showing that his whole work on Earth is complete, remember the violence represented his 1000 year reign on earth.

 

Genesis 9: 12.  And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant I am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come:

 13.  I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth.

 14.  Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds,

 15.  I will remember my covenant between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life.

 16.  Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth."

 17.  So God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant I have established between me and all life on the earth."

 

Notice that God has used the rainbow is a sign of covenant between God and man.  Five is he swore to know that he will never destroy the world again by flood.  So every time, it rains in the sun is shining at the same time you'll see a rainbow, because the light that shines from the sun will refracture through the rain drops and create a rainbow.  Notice it took 40 days of rain to destroy the world.  Prior to this, there was never any rain but just due.  So now whenever it rains God will have a rainbow is a sign of a covenant to show that the raindrops would not be used to destroy Earth.

 

• Jesus is God's covenant with man.
•  

 

 King        Priest                        40Days of life           resurrection         lamb

 

 

 

 

 

The next phase of of what I will talk to you about, is finding the Trinity in light.

 

As you can see the red is representative of Jesus, the word of God.

 

As you can see the blue is representative of the father, your heavenly Father.

 

As you can see the green is representative of the Holy Spirit, giving life.

 

As you can see by this picture when all three colors are present, you do not see any of the individual colors, but he to see white light.  White light has all the colors of the rainbow in it.  In the absence of all three colors is black, which represents darkness or the absence of God and of all three personalities.

 

As you notice, if you shine any different color light on object except for white, the reflected image of what you see will have a different color.  Only an object, that has white light shown on its will reflect its true color.  Only with the father the son and the holy spirit is the truth revealed about all things.  That is why Jesus said if you have seen me you have seen the Father.

 

And if you explore the human eye, you will notice that there are three types of rods and cones.  Ones that are sensitive to red light, green light and blue light.  From these three the person can see all the colors of the visible light spectrum.

 

People have said that there is only one God.  And I would say that is true, also there is three separate Godhead personalities as well.  That would be a father the son and the holy spirit.

 

In the first chapter of Romans  20.  For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities--his eternal power and divine nature--have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.

 

If you wanna try to understand how God can be one and at the same time be three, just look at the light and it will reveal how this is.

 

Examples of three

 

Past present future

 

Solid liquid vapor

 

Seed plant fruit

 

Spirit soul body

 

Negative zero positive

 

The earth is the third planet from the sun