Site hosted by Angelfire.com: Build your free website today!

WRITING GUIDE

LINKING WORDS OR CONNECTORS

FORMAL LETTERS

INFORMAL LETTERS

FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY

BIOGRAPHY

NARRATIVE

A DESCRIPTION OF PLACE

A PERSONAL DESCRIPTION

DIALOGUE

POETIC TEXTS

Linking Words and Phrases

Sequencing Expanding an argument
Sequencing in time Showing cause and effect
Sequencing in place Showing conditionality
Showing contrast Resisting conditionality
Showing similarity

 


Sequencing 
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), finally first(ly), second(ly), etc.
in the first (second, third) place.
the primary (secondary, third) reason.
one (another, a final) reason.

Sequencing in time 
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
when, as, while, whilst, after, before then, at once, next, meanwhile, in the meantime, soon, now, at this moment, hitherto, until then (or now), after this, before this, subsequently, immediately, suddenly, gradually meanwhile, in the meantime, hitherto, at once, the next (generally not just "next"), soon (as soon as), at this time (or moment), until this time, subsequently, throughout this, suddenly, gradually

Sequencing in place
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
where, wherever there, at this (or that) point, here at this (or that) point

Showing contrast
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
yet however, even so, nevertheless any of the between sentence links
but instead, on the contrary, rather, yet, by contrast, otherwise, on the other hand, alternatively, at any rate, in any case any of the between sentence links

Showing similarity
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
likewise, in the same way, similarly, in a similar manner, like, a parallel argument likewise, in the same way, similarly, in a similar manner, like, a parallel argument

Expanding upon or refining an argument
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
and, and also also, in addition, furthermore, for example, another in addition (an additional), furthermore, an (or one) example, another

Showing cause and effect
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
because, since, for, so, so that for this reason, that being so, on account of this, therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, in that case, hence, accordingly any of the between-sentence links

Showing conditionality
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
if...then, provided that, unless granted, that being so, in that case, under the circumstances granted, in the above case, under these circumstances

Resisting conditionality
Within a sentence From one sentence to the next From one paragraph to the next
(al)though, even though, whether still, despite this, in spite of still, despite this, in spite of this

NOTE: This list is not meant to be exhaustive or to present rules of use but to suggest some possibilities.  It's up to you to resist repetition by developing your own ways of making these links.

 

 

FORMAL LETTERS

 

                                                                                                                            Your address (but not your name or surname)

                                                                                                                             House number / name and street,

                                                                                                                             the town, the country, postcode

 

 

                                                                                                                    DATE: day, month and year

                                                                                                                                   23rd June 2003

                                                                                                                                 1st May 2003

                                                                                                                                  22nd July 2003

                                                                                                                                    4st July 2003

 

 

 

Your correspondent's title and name and position:

MR ROBERT SMITH

If you know you can say his/her position:

Sales Manager  

Address

 

DEAR SIR / DEAR MADAM (if you don't know his/her name)

DEAR MR/MRS/MISS/MS/DR Smith (if you know his/her name)

 

                                                BODY OF THE LETTER ( Use the appropriate paragraphs)

 

 

                                                                                                        YOURS FAITHFULLY, (If you have written Sir or Madam)

                                                                                                        YOUR SINCERELY, (If you have written the person's name)

 

                                                                                                                        Your signature

                                                                                                                        Your name legibly written with your title.

 

 

 

 

ASPECTS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT:

a) Use correct, formal language, complete sentences, no slang, no contractions or exclamations.

b) Use formal vocabulary and linking words

c) Keep strictly to the point.

SENTENCES TO USE

APOLOGY:

a) I am writing to apologize for the omission/for omitting to send the order

b) I am extremely sorry to cause you this inconvenience

c) I assure you nothing like this will ever happen again

REQUEST FOR INFORMATION

a) I would be most grateful if you could send me an up-to-date brochure

b)I would like further information about the services you offer

c) I should be grateful if you would send me full details of your package

APPLICATION

a) I am interested in applying for the post of bilingual secretary, which was advertised in the Daily Herald on 30th May

b) I would like to apply for the post of Head of Science, which was advertised recently. My qualifications and experience, as you will see from my curiculum vitae, make me a particularly suitable applicant for this post

 

EXAMPLE

a) Write a letter in response to an advertisement for sailing expedition in a student newspaper.

                                                                                                            32 Smithfield Court,

                                                                                                            EXETER

 

                                                                                                    26th August 2003

 

Captain Ned Bluebeard,

The Pirate Tavern,

Cat's Eye Bay

 

Dear Captain Bluebeard,

 

I am writing in reply to your advertisement which appeared in the 25th August edition of The Student Weekly. You say that you are organising a sailing expedition in the Mediterranean Sea for young people and I would be grateful for more information about the expedition.

First of all, I would like to know whether it is necessary to have previous sailing experience. I would also be grateful if you could tell me what kind of boat you intend to sail on. My only sailing experience has been on a yatcht.

Secondly, could you tell me what the cost of participating in the expedition is? As it is aimed at students, I hope that it will not be too expensive.

Finally I would be intersted in knowing what arrangement have been made with regard to food. I am a vegeterian and I hope that this will no cause any problems.

I would like to thank you in advance for your assistance, and I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.

 

                                                                                Yours sincerely,

                                                                                    MRob

                                                                                        Mark Robinson

EXERCISE:

Imagine you went to the Mesl nightclub and found that it wasn't as good as their advertisement had suggested. Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the clum in 80-100 words.

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

INFORMAL LETTERS

 

                                                                                   

                                                           

                                                            Friday, 13th   December 2002   

 

 

Dear _________ , /  Dear Sir, / Dear Madam/ Dear,

 

 

 

I am sorry for not having written you before. Right now, I am in _________. I am having a great time in _____________. I am practising my _________. I stay with a nice family.

I love the school above all ______________. ( = Ho sento per no haver-te escrit abans. Ara estic a ……… M’ho estic passant molt bé a ……. Estic practicant el meu ………. M’estic amb una família molt bona. M’encanta l’escola sobretot ……….)

 

Yesterday, I visited _____________. It is very wonderful / nice. (Ahir vaig visitar…… És molt bonic)

 

Tomorrow, I will go to _________ with __________.  You can see that I am extremely busy. (Demà aniré a …… amb ………. Tu pots veure que estic molt ocupat/da.)

 

I can’t wait. Please send me a letter soon and send my love to everyone. I really miss you all.  ( No puc esperar. Si us plau envíem una carta aviat I digues a tothom que us trobo a faltar.)

I hope that my _______ (English) is improving.

(Espero que el meu ……… (anglès) millori)

 

 

 

 

 

                           Love, / Lots of love,  / Yours, / Best wishes, / Regards,

                                                                                    Sign

 

 

 

 

PS:  (optativa)

           

- My family love the presents from Spain / Catalonia (la meva família els hi encanten els regals d’Espanya/ de Catalunya)

-         I miss you ( Us trobo a faltar o et trobo a faltar)

-         What present do you want me to bring you? (quin regal vols que us porti o que et porti)

 ASPECTS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT:

In an informal letter, you know the person you are writing to, and it is therefore quite correct to use slang, contractions, exclamations, direct questions and incomplete setences. Do not use formal language.

LANGUAGE TO USE

APOLOGY:

a)I am really sorry I haven't written lately. I just haven't been able to get round/down to writing recently. I've been so busy at work.

REASSURANCE:

a) I am sure everything will be all right, just you wait and see.

b)Don't worry about them. They're old enoug to take care of themselves now.

c)It wasn't dangerous at all. I followed the instructions very carefully.

ADVICE:

a) If I were you, I would go in for engineering.

b) Have you ever thought of voluntary work?

c)What about moving into a bungalow rather than a flat?

d)I think you should consult an expert before deciding.

POLITE REFUSAL

a) I'd love to, but I'm afraid I won't be able to make it this time

b) I really don't think there's much chance of my boss changing his mind, so I'll have to miss the party

c) It's nice of you to offer, but I don't think we'll need any more help. Thanks anyway.

EXAMPLE: Wrtie a letter to a friend inviting him/her to visit you this summer.

                                                                                        Rose Cottage,

                                                                                        South Linton

                                                                                 28th April, 2002

 

Dear Kate,

 

Thanks for your last letter. It was great to hear all your news. The trouble is that I always want to ask you so many questions when I get a letter from you! why don't you come and visit me this summer? That way, we can both catch up on all our news!

If you can, you should try to come when we have our village festival - it's always a lot of fun. It's an ancient tradition where we choose a local girl to become the village quen and we have celebrations for a whole week. There are always lots of parties, and you'll be albe to meet all the people I've told you about in my letters.

My family is also dying to meet you - they have already heard so much about you. My brother, Kevin, is very keen for you to come, especially after I shoed him your photograph!

So please say you'll come. It'll be such fun if you do. I can't wait to hear from you, so please write soon.

Love,

Jenny.

EXERCISE

Imagine you are visiting an interesting city. Write a letter of about 100 words to your family or to a friend.

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY

 

TITLE: The Advantages and Disadvantatges of Mobile Phones

OPENING (1 paragraph)

BODY (2 paragraph)

         1st paragraph ( arguments for)

 

         2nd paragraph (arguments against)

CLOSING (1 paragraph)

EXAMPLE:

The Advantages and Disadvantatges of Mobile Phones

Who doesn't have a mobile phone these days? The fact is they seem to be everywhere. However, while mobile phones certainly have many supporters, there are also people who have reservations about them.

Those who are in favour of mobile phones claim that they make communication an immediate process and people no longer need to wait until they find an ordinary phone when they need to make an urgent phone call. Moreover, they also point out that a mobile phone can be a life-saver in the case of an emergency. Finally, parents feel much more secure when they know that, thanks to mobile phones, they can contact their children whenever they want.

On the other hand, those who are agianst mobile phones state that fact that much research must still be carried out in order to prove decisively that mobile phones do not damage your health. Another disadvantatge is the way that mobile phones are destroying our social life. How many A times have you had to stop a conversation so that your partner can answer his or her mobile phone? Not to mention the distrubances they cause at concerts and theatre performances.

In conclusion, although there are two sides to a coin, I believe that mobile phones generally do improve that quality of our life. In my opinion, even if only one life has been saved thanks to a mobile phone, they have justified their existence.

 

 

ASPECTS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT:

 a) Use correct, formal language, complete sentences, no slang, no contractions or exclamations.

b) Use formal vocabulary and linking words

c) Keep strictly to the point.

EXERCISE

Choose one of the following titles and write and essay of 100 words:

a) Is it fair that some jobs have much higher salaries than other jobs?

b) Do you think winning the lottery makes people happy?

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

A BIOGRAPHY

THERE MUST BE:

a) The opening sentence introduces the person

b) The information is organised in chronological order.

STEPS TO FOLLOW:

First step: You can do a card

Date of birth: 1967

Place of birth: Hawaii, USA

Occupation: Actress

Education:

- Left school when 17 years old - to care for her sick mother

- 1990 - Married Tom Cruise after meeting him while working on the film Days of Thunder

- Adopted two children - Connor Anthony and Isabella Jane

- August, 2001 - Divorced

- Other films include: Billy Bathgate, Far and Away, To Die For, The Portrait of a Lady, Practical Magic, Moulin Rouge, The Others.

- Hobbies: hicking, rock-climbing, scuba, diving, skydiving.

Second step

Actress Nicole Kidman was born in Hawaii in 1967, but grew up in Australia. She left school at the age of 17 in order to look after her mother, who was ill at the time.

Kidman's first film was Dead Calm, a thriller, which was produced in 1989. One year later, during the filming of Days of Thunder, she met Hollywood star, Tom Cruise, whom she married that same year. The couple adopted two children, however, their marriage unfortunately broke down, and they got divorced in August, 2001. Kideman, who became no less of a star than her husband, has starred in several successful films, such as Far and Away, Practical Magic, Moulin Rouge and The Others. In spite of her busy life, she still finds time for her hobbies, which include hiking, rock-climbing, scuba diving and skydiving.

 

ASPECTS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT:

a) Order your information.

b) Use linking words and formal vocabulary.

c) Use correct formal language, complete setneces, no slang, no contractions or exclamations.

wpe2.jpg (1888386 bytes)

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

A NARRATIVE

A STORY

Parts that a story must have

1.- Setting the scene

where and when the events took place

main characters

2.- Development

main events in the story

3.- What happened at the end?

 

EXAMPLE : You recently witnessed a bank robbery. Describe what you saw.

It all happened last year when I was on holiday in London and had to change some money. It was on holiday in London and had to change some money. It was about 11 o'clock in teh morning and I took my place in the queue in the small local bank and waited to be served. Everything was very quiet and all the people were waiting very patiently.

The, a man wearing a black leather jacket and a crash helmet marche up to the front of the queue. People immediately began to complain. He pulled out a gun and said "Hands up, everybody. This is a hold-up!". We all did as he said and watched the frigtened cashier put the money into his bag. Next, the robber turned and walked slowly towards the door. Meanwhile, the cashier pressed teh alarm button.

The alarm began to sound, the robber shot into the air and we all fell to the ground. He ran out of the bank and then we heard a motorbike start up. After that, we heard a terrible crash. We rushed out and saw the robber lying on the ground and a car on top of this motorbike. In the end, he wasn't injured, and he was arrested for robbing the bank.

EXERCISE

Write a ghost story 80 to 100 words

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE

1.- Opening: includes the name and location of the place

2.- Body: Describes physical characteristics, special features and points of interest. Also describes the atmosphere, the people, the culture and the way of life. Includes historical details, sounds, smells and personal feelings about place. Writer uses as many adjectives as possible.

3.- Closing: States general conclusions about the place, as well as the writer's personal opinion or attitude.

 

EXAMPLE

Last summer, I visited India with some friends. We had always wanted to go to an Asian country, and since India is such a vast country, we decided to concentrate on teh Rajastan area.

Rajastan area is a region in teh north of India with many beautiful ancient towns which are associated with India's moghul rulers. The most famous (and probably the most visited) towns are Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. When we visited Rajastan, teh weather was extremely hot and the rivers and lakes were almost dry. People were prayin that rain would soon fall.

I particularly liked Jaipur, "the pink city", so called because of the colour of the stone which they used to build the buildings with. The maharajah's palace and the Palace of the Winds are well worth a visit, but for me, nothing can beat a trip to the Ameber Fort, high in the mountains above the city of Jaipur. To make the experience even more unforgettable, you can ride up to the fort by elephant!

In conclusion, although many people are afraid to go to India because of the poverty or the diseases you can catch there, I would still recommend that you go there. If you take care, nothing bad will happen to you. Quite the opposite, in fact!

EXERCISE

Make a description of an exotic place you have visited.

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

A PERSONAL DESCRIPTION

1.- Introduction:

Personal details (name, age, job,etc)

How do you know them? Friend, relation

2.- Physical appearance

Detailed description of physical appearance

Include any distinguishing features (eg glasses)

3.- Personality

Description of their personality

Include examples of their behaviour

EXAMPLE

My older brother Ian, who's twenty, is a really positive person. He is at university in another town and sometimes I really miss him.

He is very tall and good-looking and I think he's got a lovely smile. He's quite muscular because he plays sport regularly. He's got dark curly hair, which is very short. He wears small round glasses for reading.

He's a really kind and caring person. Although he doesn't have much money, he's most generous person I know and loves buying presents for people. Last week he sent my mum some flowers for her birthday.

He's extremely socialbe and enjoys meeting new people. His only fault is that he can be quite stubborn.

EXERCISES

Write a description of yourself of 80 to 100 words.

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

DIALOGUE

EXERCISES

In groups, choose one of the converstions to do in front of the class.

SHOPS 1 ESO

 

Conversation 1

 

Imagine you go to buy in jewellery. You want to buy 3 things. What are you going to buy? (Golden, silver,)

 

Person: nice shop-assistant

Person: buyer

 

Conversation 2

 

Imagine you go to buy in a pet shop. You want to buy an exotic pet. Which one? Why? What type of food do you need?

 

Person: rude shop assistant.

Person: buyer who never decides anything.

 

 

Conversation 3

 

Imagine you go to buy in a toyshop. You want to buy a toy for your son. He is a special boy. He hates cars but he wants to be a farmer. What are you going to buy?

 

Person: nice shop assistant

Person: happy buyer

Conversation 4

 

Imagine you are in a furniture shop. You need to buy all the furniture for your new house.

 

Person: a woman/ a man who is going to get married who decides everything for his/her partner.

Person: shop assistant who doesn’t know anything about furniture

Conversation 5

 

Imagine you are in a clothes shop. You want to buy clothes to go to a big party (marriage for example). What are you going to buy?

 

Person: good-looking/pretty shop assistant.

Person: good-looking/pretty shop assistant.

 

Conversation 6

 

Imagine you go to buy in Corte-Ingles in baby clothes shop. You want to buy some clothes for your new grandson.

 

Person: old grandmother/old grandfather.

Person: horrible shop assistant.

Conversation 7

 

Imagine you go to buy in a baker shop. You want to buy some cakes. What do you buy?

 

Person: nice shop assistant

Person: nice buyer

 

Conversation 8

 

Imagine you go to buy in a gas station. You put gas but you also buy more things.

 

Person: nice shop assistant

Person: nice buyer

 

Conversation 9

 

Imagine you go to buy in a sex shop. You want to buy a special present for your friend who is going to get married.

Person: nice shop assistant

Person:  happy buyer

 

 

 

 

 

Conversation 10

 

Imagine you go to buy in newsagents. You want to buy some stamps to send a letter to Tasmania.

 

Person: nice shop-assistant

Person: a child

 

Conversation 11

 

Imagine you go to buy in a bookshop. You want to buy magazine. Which one? Why? What type?

 

Person: rude shop assistant.

Person: buyer who never decides anything.

 

 

Conversation 12

 

Imagine you go to buy in a bookshop. You want to buy a book for your lover.  What type of book are you going to buy?

 

Person: nice shop assistant

Person: happy buyer

 

RESTAURANT 1 ESO

Conversation Restaurant 1

 

Person: a waiter/waitress

Person: a couple who always fight

Conversation Restaurant 2

 

Person: a waiter/waitress

Person: grandmother and grandson who doesn’t want to eat anything.

 

Conversation Restaurant 3

 

Person: a rude waiter/waitress

Person: two businessmen

 

Conversation Restaurant 4

 

Person: a shy waiter/waitress

Person: a football team who won a match

Conversation Restaurant 5

 

Person: a nice waiter

Person: rude man, nice woman

Conversation Restaurant 6

 

Person: a happy waiter/waitress

Person: two young girls

 

Conversation Restaurant 7

 

Person: a rude waiter/waitress

Person: a master of the restaurant

Person: a rude customer

 

Conversation Restaurant 8

 

Person: a waiter who doesn’t know anything

Person: two friends who work together

Conversation Restaurant 9

 

Person: a nice waiter/waitress

Person: grandmother, grandfather

 

Conversation Restaurant 10

 

Person: a happy waiter/waitress

Person: grandfather and granddaughter

Conversation Restaurant 11

 

Person: a rude waiter/waitress

Person: two brothers

 

Conversation Restaurant 12

 

Person: a good-looking waiter

Person: two teenagers (girls)

2 ESO

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (5 PEOPLE)

 

You have to introduce a meeting between 5 famous politics. They meet in a party.

You can bring music; you can dress in nice dresses…

 

 

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (5 PEOPLE)

 

You have to introduce a meeting between 5 friends. They meet in the swimming pool.  They are preparing a trip by bike. Each one is going to bring something to eat. Where are they going to go…?

 

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (5 PEOPLE)

 

You are 5 famous musicians. You have to do a concert against wars. You invent a new song (a song of 5 lines).  You have to invent also the conversation while you are creating the song.

 

 

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (5 PEOPLE)

 

You are 5 famous presenters (journalists) who want to do a programme against poor countries. You invent a new programme. How is your programme? Who are going to be in your programme?

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (5 PEOPLE)

 

You are 5 famous musicians. You have to do a concert against cancer. You invent a new song (a song of 5 lines). You have to invent also the conversation while you are creating the song.

 2 or 3 ESO

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (5 PEOPLE)

 

You are 5 famous musicians. You have to do a concert against poor countries. You invent a new song (a song of 5 lines). You have to invent also the conversation while you are creating the song.

 

 

CONVERSATION 1

 

Take a picture of a famous person and describe it and explain whom he/she is.

 

 

 

CONVERSATION 2

 

Take 2 or 3 Catalan advertisements about the same topic and explain what you can see it each advertisement.

 

 

 

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (10-15 MINUTES)

 

You do a radio programme about looking for a partner.

 

Make it as real as possible

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (10-15 MINUTES)

 

You do a radio programme. You do the news.

 

Make it as real as possible

SHORT PERFORMANCE (10-15 MINUTES)

 

You do a radio programme. You do a programme about music (as 40 principals)

 

Make it as real as possible

SHORT PERFORMANCE (10-15 MINUTES)

 

You do a radio programme. You do the advertisements section.

 

 

Make it as real as possible

SHORT PERFORMANCE (10-15MINUTES)

 

You do a radio programme. You do some interviews to famous people.

 

Make it as real as possible

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (10-15 MINUTES)

 

You do a radio programme. You do a programme where people phone to say their opinion about a topic

 

Make it as real as possible

 

 

 

 4 ESO

CONVERSATION 1

 

Choose a city and explain what would you do there for a weekend.

(In groups of 3)

 

 

 

CONVERSATION 2 (in groups of 2)

 

Choose a musician or a group and explain about them (some interesting facts). Make a poster about them. Prepare a song to work in class. You will have to read it (pronunciation) and you will have to translate it.

 

 

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (15 MINUTES)

 

You make a TV programme. You make the news.

 

Make it as real as possible

 

SHORT PERFORMANCE (15 MINUTES)

 

You make a TV programme. You make a night programme

 

Make it as real as possible

SHORT PERFORMANCE (15 MINUTES)

 

You make a TV programme. You make an afternoon programme.

 

Make it as real as possible

SHORT PERFORMANCE (15 MINUTES)

 

You make a TV programme. You make

a soap opera.

 

Make it as real as possible

SHORT PERFORMANCE (15 MINUTES)

 

You make a TV programme. You make a morning programme.

 

Make it as real as possible

 

BATXILLERAT

SHORT PERFORMANCE (15MINUTES)

 

You make a TV programme. You make an evening programme.

 

Make it as real as possible

CONVERSATION ( 4-5 minutes).

 

Take a picture and describe it as well as you can.

 

CONVERSATION (8 minutes in groups of 2)

 

Develop a topic in which you are interested. You can’t bring anything writing just some pictures as reference.

 

 

CONVERSATION (15 minutes in groups of 4)

 

Imagine you have a dinner with this class in 5 years. Imagine your conversations. Without a paper, you must do a conversation between you and your friends.

 

 

CONVERSATION

 

Take English news from internet or an English newspaper and choose one in which you are interested. You have to explain about your new in class for 4 minutes. You can only support for a picture of a short outline, which you will write in the blackboard.

 

 

 

CONVERSATION

 

Take a big picture and you have to talk about it.

a)      Describe.

b)      What do you think about it?

c)      Your teacher will ask you 3 questions about your picture.

 

 

 

 

CONVERSATION

 

In groups of 4-5, you will prepare 1 class. You will choose an English film and you will have to work it in class.

1)      You will introduce as about author, director, actor, and actress, Oscars…

2)      You will talk about the argument, special scenes and others

3)      We will watch a piece of film and you will prepare exercises to do in class.

Everything must be in English and you must also do the class in English.

(Just an outline that you will write in the blackboard)

 

 

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

CANTERBURY TALES by Chaucer

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

A Midsummer Night Dream by Shakespeare

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Hamlet by Shakespeare.

 

 

 

 

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Wuthering Heights by Brönte

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Great Expectations

By Charles Dickens

 

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Swift’s Travel by Swift

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

A Passage to India by Forster

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The English Patient by Ondaatje

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The Fall of the house of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe

 

 

 

 

 

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The Scarlet Letter by Nathalie Hawthorne

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Mobby Dick by Billy Budd

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Twain

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The Age of Innocence by Wharton

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

The Great Gatsby by Fitgerald

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

Othello by Shakespeare

 

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

B Shaw (you choose the novel)

BOOK

AUTHOR

(GROUPS 2-3)

 

You must prepare a class:

a) Biography of the author, period,

b) Book:

Argument

c) Choose a piece of the book and make the others work it.

 

- Everything must be in English

- 30-45 minutes

 

J.Joyce (you choose the novel)

 

 

(Just an outline you will write in the blackboard)

 

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Mistakes are a fact of life. It is the response to error that counts”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Life is hard and then you die”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“It is in supporting one another that two hands find strength”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Culture is everything. Culture is the way we dress, the way we carry our heads, the way we walk, the way we tie our ties.”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“The same person cannot be skilled in everything; each has his special excellence”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Music is your own experience, your thoughts, your wisdom. If you don’t live it, it won’t be come out of your horn.”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“There are three things to remember when making a speech: be brief, be brilliant, and be gone”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Solitude is good company”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“My interest is in the future because I am going to spend the rest of my life here”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Every man’s work, whether it be literature or music or pictures or architecture or anything else, is always a portrait of himself”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Oh, sleep! It is a gentle thing. Beloved from pole to pole.”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“The man who has conquered the bride’s heart and her mother’s”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“If you are going to play the game properly, you’d better know every rule.”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“A friend is one of the nicest thing you can have and one of the best things you can be”

 

 

 

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“ A friend is a sanctuary”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“To be or not to be, that is the question”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Love is stronger than life and dead”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Be happy in each moment of your life”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Carpe diem”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Parents are a hand that is always holding yours, no matter where you are”

 

 

 

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Always keep a smile in your face”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“When you are smiling, the whole world smiles with you”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“A flower becomes a smile”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Everybody makes mistakes”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Love is essential in our life”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Solidarity”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“A broken heart.”

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“Tears can be good”

 

DISCUSS your sentence

(5 minutes)

(Only a picture or outline)

 

“All type of love”

 

POETIC TEXTS

 

Lesson Plan:

 The lesson had the following steps: 

  1. I asked students to talk about poetry through the following questions:

What is poetry for you?

What makes a text poetic?

How do you distinguish a text in prose from a poetic text?

What is the effect you want to produce in the reader by writing poetry?

 My students came up with words such as feelings, beautiful language, intensity, imagination, formal, expressive, experience, emotion, etc… I could see they already had the intuition of what writing poetry requires in terms of the use of language. Sometimes we forget that the L2 learner is bound to use a variety of strategies from his L1.

  1. I provided the students with a definition of poetry. You can give it to them in a photocopy, or just write it on the blackboard, and you can always obtain good definitions from any English monolingual dictionary. I gave my students the following:

 What is poetry?

A poem is a composition designed to convey a vivid and imaginative sense of experience, characterized by the use of condensed language, chosen for its sound and suggestive power as well as its meaning, and by the use of such literary techniques as structured meter, rhyme and metaphor.

Then, we reflected more deeply about what poetry is through this definition, and we got to the conclusion that rhyme it is not always absolutely necessary, but a certain rhythm is required.

  1. The next task was reading an example poem from an English author. I gave them a photocopy with the poem:

WHAT IS BLUE?

Blue is the colour of the sky

Without a cloud

Cool, distant, beautiful

And proud.

 

 

 

Blue is the quiet sea

And the eyes of some people,

And many agree                                                              

As they grow older and older

Blue is the scarf

Spring wears on her shoulder.

Blue is twilight,

Shadows on snow,

Blue is feeling

Way down low.

In addition I asked students to find rhyming words in the text, such as cloud-proud, sea-agree, older-shoulder, etc… and we worked on the intonation required by reading it aloud all together.

  1. The next step was to ask the students to write a poem themselves. To focus I limited the context of the writing to colour. I told them the poem should have the title: what is + (a colour), and that the class as a whole should decide on which colour.

They can always decide by voting, if there is too much disagreement on the colour. In my case, one of my groups of students chose red, and the other class selected green. Then I gave students some time for the writing task, which can be perhaps about 15 min, depending on the students. I consider necessary to provide them with any vocabulary they ask for. I was asked for words such as ardent, passionate, unrequited love, etc… Also, it would be good to help them if they have problems with the rhyming of words. I expected group interaction and cooperation with each other as well.

5.    Finally, I collected the poems and read a few of them aloud, also I asked some of the students to read their own poems. As students will feel a bit shy or embarrassed about it, it is important to encourage them and be very approving of their poems. Time permitting, it would be good to read all of the poems aloud, depending on the number of students. This is the most important part of the activity, as you can see the effect that other students´ poems produce in their classmates.

  1. In the blackboard I brainstormed on the main vocabulary used by the students for their poems. For instance, for red they gave me the words heart, passion, rose, blood, fire, warm, smile, sunset, light, lips, kisses, and some others; whereas for green, they said nature, grass, tree, fresh, spring, life, valley, plants, traffic lights, etc… If the classes are of a lower level, it would be very interesting to do this before writing the poem so that the students start the writing with more ideas.
  1. I decided to extend the activity a bit further by working on the symbology of colour with some written texts. I got some material on colour symbolism from Internet http://www.insteam.com/LauraFunderburk/mycolor.htm. Here you can read about associations of colour with specific human emotions all through the history of humanity. For example the text on colour red talks about how this colour has been viewed as the vigorous colour of health, and also the representation of love within a relationship between two people. For green the text talks about this colour being a symbol of fertility and growth, of abundance and external life, harmony, nature and fullness.
  1. Finally, I asked students for some feedback about how they felt. A few expressed the difficulty of writing in English, or said they did not feel inspired that day. But most of them expressed the feeling of accomplishment they had at being able to create a poem in English. They felt motivated and enthusiastic, if they can write a poem in English they can probably do any piece of writing.
  1. One possibility given by modern technology is that the class selects one of the best poems written, and posts it in Internet. This can be done in  http://www.poetry.com where your students can even get a cash prize if they are selected winners. This web page is also interesting because you can read many poems in English from amateur poets, and even listen to a few poems, as some of them are read by their authors.

x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)

Materials: Diccionaris. Paper i fotografies per a un mural col·lectiu.

A) Rhyming

  1. Es demanarà als/les alumnes que treballin en petits grups i que completin la graella següent amb paraules que tinguin el mateix so inicial i final que la paraula suggerida.

Same initial sound

Given word

Same ending sound

rich

river

deliver

lake

excellent

consequence

mouse

wine

  • Cada grup discutirà els seus resultats amb els d’un altre grup.
  • Donaran els resultats a la classe; el professor/a aprofitarà per fer comentaris.
  1. En parelles, faran frases que comencin i acabin amb la mateixa paraula, i completaran la taula corresponent del full de l’alumne.

Exemple: Love me to make me fall in love.

 Possibles Respostes

Do what you want to do.

Why do you ask why?

Roses smell of roses.

Water the plants with clean water.

Butterflies chase butterflies.

High salaries make your standard of living high.

Hot weather makes you feel hot.

Balanced minds make people balanced.

Flour the fish with wheaten flour.

Home sweet home.

Happily, everything ended happily.

"Poor people" may not actually be poor.

  1. Escriuran noves paraules a les caselles buides i intercanviaran el seu full amb un altre grup per completar les frases. Cada grup ha de tenir preparada la resposta per poder-la suggerir als companys/es.
  2. Discutiran les seves respostes amb els companys/es i les compararan amb les frases suggerides.
  3. Posaran les respostes en comú i: a) esculliran les més originals per fer un pòster; b) esculliran les més apropiades per al booklet final.

B) Building up a mural

En grups faran una activitat encadenada. S’hauran de formar paraules, frases i poemes seguint les instruccions donades pel professor/a. Quan s’hagi dut a terme la activitat, es farà un mural comú amb els resultats de les tasques. Es donaran les següents instruccions, d’una a una, i es donarà el temps suficient perquè els alumnes puguin completar les diferents tasques:

    1. Make groups of 4 or 5 students.

    2. Write words in English that start with the following letters: T, L, C, M, S.

    3. Pass the piece of paper to another group.

    4. Add a new word for each one you have on the piece of paper ending with the same sound (it must rhyme). For example: T: table ------à cable.

    5. Pass the piece of paper to another group.

    6. Write a complete sentence using the two words that rhyme, for example: T: table ------à cable ------à He put a cable on the table.

    7. Pass the piece of paper to another group.

    8. Try to order the sentences (you can add words or sentences to obtain a coherent paragraph).

    9. Pass the piece of paper to another group.

    10. Adapt the paragraph to write a poem. You may want to add, change or modify the text to write the poem.

    11. Copy the final poem on a piece of paper with a drawing or a photograph.

    12. Make a mural with the whole class with the results.

 

  x_bottlemail.gif (14064 bytes)