Rise of Democracy |
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American Revolution |
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French Revolution |
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Industrial Revolution |
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Nationalism |
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Imperialism |
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World War I |
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Russian Revolution |
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Between the Wars |
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World War II |
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Cold War |
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King John –An temporary king who signed the Magna Carta because of his incompetence
as a ruler.
Aristotle – a Greek philosopher who studied with Plato and was a teacher of Alexander
the Great. Wrote “Politics.”
Plato – A Greek philosopher. He was a student of Socrates, and he wrote “The Republic.”
Plebeians – poor people
Patricians – rich people
Consul – The two rulers appointed to rule over
Legions – Roman army units
Political Ideologies
Monarchy – a government headed by a king or a queen
Democracy – a government in which the citizens of that government hold the final
power
Dictatorship – a political leader is elected for a limited time, and given absolute power to make laws and control the army.
Economic Systems
Capitalism – An economic system characterized by the movement of money in business with the goal for a profit.
Socialism – The belief that the wealth of a country should be shared equally among all its citizens.
Hebrew Laws – Talmud – the laws that were written in the Torah, meant to protect the people
Polis –
City-state in
Magna Carta – A bill of rights, which was the rule of law for
all. Signed on June 15, 1215. Also known as the
Great Charter. A person cannot be arrested unless that person is told what
crime he/she committed. The king must ask Parliament to raise taxes.
June 15, 1215 – The Magna Carta was signed by King John on June 15, 1215.
Ben Franklin – Signed the treaty in
Thomas Jefferson – Wrote the Declaration of Independence, and was the third president
of the
George Washington – First president of the
Revolutionary War.
King George III – King of Great Britain at the time of the Revolutionary War. Imposed “Taxation Without Representation” on the colonists.
Charles Cornwallis – Lost the Battle of Yorktown, which forced the British to surrender.
Colonial Problems – there were many taxes that the colonists had to pay, and they didn’t
want to
follow
believe that a king 3,000 miles away can control them well. They wanted to abolish the monarchy.
The
blocked the British waterways, and didn’t let any food or people get in.
The Constitution – It was ratified only when the Bill of Rights was added to it. The
majority of the colonies had to vote to decide whether to have it, or not. A stronger central government.
Articles of Confederation – A plan of government wit ha
loose confederation of states, which held most of
the
power. A weak central government.
Without it, the new constitution would not be ratified.
July 4, 1776 – The Declaration of Independence was signed.
Louis XIV – “Sun
God.” Build the
Louis XVI – Tried
to escape
Marie Antoinette – Louis’ XVI wife. Bought expensive gifts for herself when the poor people starved.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Emperor – emperor of
Military conquests and reforms – Conquered
all of Europe except
Maximilien Robespierre – a person who was a dictator through fear. He executed thousands of people who he thought were a threat to him and the republic.
Jacobins
Marat –
hoped to win fame for his scientific research. Edited the Friend of the
People newspaper.
Danton – used his talent for speechmaking to win political leadership.
Horatio Nelson –
the greatest British naval general, who defeated Napoleon in
Czar Alexander I
– a Russian czar who withstood Napoleon’s attack on
Duke of
Taxation – The estates didn’t like it. People started revolting. Stormed the Bastille.
Palace of
Absolute Monarchy
Divine Right – The kings believed that it was a given right from G-d that they rule over the people with absolute monarchy.
Estates General
1st estate: Clergy (bishops, archbishops, abbots) (10% of the land)
2nd estate: nobles (20 % of the land)
3rd estate: 98 % of all the people.
Middle class - bourgeoisie (lawyers, bankers, manufacturers, doctors, etc.) Were wealthy enough to eat and dress well. Had culottes (knee breeches). Many were well educated.
Urban lower classes – (butchers, brewers, weavers tanners) Didn’t have culottes.
Peasant farmers – poor people. Often went hungry. Some attacked carts of bread and stole what they needed, if need be.
National Assembly – the government in
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen – adopted on August 27, 1789. Stated that citizens were guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.
Legislative Assembly
Jacobins – most radical political club.
The Convention – After the Legislative Assembly resigned, the National Convention stepped in
Guillotine – a machine used for executions during the French Revolution.
Committee of Public Safety – Robspierre put himself in charge of this committee, which authorized him to kill anyone he felt was a threat to him.
Directory – An executive body of 5 men.
July 14, 1789 (Bastille) – people stormed the Bastille, which started the revolution.
Industrial Revolution – the period of greatly increased output of machine-made goods.
Industrialization – the process of developing machine-made goods.
Enclosure – the process by which wealthy landowners buy the open fields in a village, fence them, and then rent them to tenant farmers, who word the land.
Crop rotation – the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.
Factory – a large building where goods are manufactured
Cotton gin – It cleaned 10 times more cotton in one day than if done manually.
Entrepreneur – a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of running a business.
Karl Marx – Had the idea of communism. He wrote the Communism Manifesto.
Proletariat – the urban working class.
Bourgeoisie – the factory-owning middle class.
Seed drill – Jethro Tull in 1721. Farmers were able to plant seeds faster, and protect them from birds.
Flying shuttle – John Kay in 1733. Made spinning thread faster.
Spinning Jenny – James Hargreaves in 1764. It allowed a spinner to work with 6 or 8 strings at one time.
Spinning mule – Samuel Crompton in 1779. Combined with water frame and spinning Jenny.
Power loom – Edmund Cartwright in 1785. It restored the balance between thread makers and weavers.
Cotton gin – Eli Whitney in 1793. It cleaned 10 times more cotton in one day than if done manually.
Improved the steam engine – James Watt in 1770.
Built the first locomotive – George Stephenson.
Designed and built the Rocket locomotive – George Stephenson in 1821.
Helped build
the first factory in the
They wanted to redraw the map of Europe and limit
Metternich was the Prime Minister of the Congress of Vienna.
The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe, restored
the old regime and limited
The Congress of Vienna was not successful in spreading out
the powers equally.
Nationalism – the belief that a person’s greatest loyalty should be to a nation-state.
Nation-state – group united under its own government.
Nation – a group of people who share similar traditions, history, and language.
Garibaldi united
Cavour united
Giuseppe Mazzini sparked Italian Nationalism. His followers were called Young Italy.
Diplomacy – making of agreements by officials to establish peace.
Legitimacy – those rulers whom Napoleon had driven from their thrones should be restored to power.
Conservatism – protecting the existing traditional forms of government.
Liberalism – the movement to give more power to elected parliaments.
Radicalism – favored drastic and, if necessary, violent change—supporters of democratic government.
Imperialism – the policy of conquering and ruling other lands
Protectorate – a country whose foreign policy is controlled by an outside government
Colonization – establishment of colonies
Extraterritorial rights – British did not have to obey Chinese law
Sphere of influence – economic interests of a foreign nation
came before those of
Strategic – locations that assured control of nearby areas
Assimilation –
Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest
Neo-Colonialism – the idea that cash crops are more important than food crops
Condominium – a country ruled jointly by two other countries
Colony – a settlement in a new territory. Ruled by the mother country.
Cash crop – Africans produced food that Europeans bought rather than food for themselves.
Sepoy – Indian soldiers
Intervention – interference
Direct Rule – local leaders in the country
Indirect Rule – decisions made in another country, by another leader
Khaki – means dust. Evolved from camouflage
Apartheid –
Raj –
Nirvana – Heaven
Caste System – priests, warriors, merchants, laborers, untouchables
Raw Materials – materials that are produced by the land. Natural resources
Monsoon – a wind that brings heavy rainfall
Cecil Rhodes – discovered diamonds
Commodore Matthew Perry – steamed into
Mohandas K. Gandhi – fought for non-violent ways of agreement
Muhammed Ali Jinnah – head of the Muslim league
Jan Smuts – Jan and Louis Botha
served as
Rudyard Kipling – wrote “White Man’s Burden”
Siks – British army in
Boers – Dutch settlers
Emperor Mutsuhito – only 15 years old. People ruled in his name. Chose the name Meiji, meaning “enlightened rule.”
Opium Wars –
Sepoy Mutiny – the rifle cartridges were sealed with pork and beef fat. The beef upset the Indians, and the pork upset the Muslims.
Boer War – Boers vs.
Meeting at
Russo-Japanese War –
Boxer Rebellion – Society of Righteous and
Harmonious Fists. Kept European section in
Spanish-American War –
Open Door Policy – policy that allowed merchant of all nations to trade with Chine. Protected American trade rights.
3 G’s – gold, glory, God
Clemenceau –
One of the three people of the Big Three of the peace conference. Represented
Franz
Ferdinand – The archduke of
Gavrilo Princip – Assassinated Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie on June 28, 1914.
Lloyd George –
One of the three people of the Big Three of the peace conference. Represented
“Lost Generation” – Young men, who came back from the war and were disillusioned and dismayed. Didn’t know what to do.
Otto von Bismarck
– He was afraid that
President
Woodrow Wilson – “He kept up out of war” – The third person on the Big Three. Represented the
U.S. Senator Henry Lodge –
Sophie – Franz Ferdinand’s wife. Was also shot and killed by Gavrilo Princip.
William II –
Forced Bismarck to resign.
Allied Powers –
Central Powers
–
The
Triple
Triple Entente – France,
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie (June 28, 1914) – Killed by Princip. Started a chain of events that led to the Great War.
“Blank Check” –
Gallipoli
Campaign – The Allied assault attempting to get control of Mediterranean Sea
and
New inventions – submarines, airplanes
New weapons – Machine guns, poison gases, tanks
No-man’s land – a place where you’re not supposed to be. A dangerous place.
Treaty of
Treaty of
Friendship – The treaty between
Treaty of
Schlieffen Plan – A plan to fight the French quickly, while
Zimmermann
Telegram – It told the German minister in
Abdicate – to give up
Aggressor – making an unprovoked attack
Annexed – to add land to the country
Armistice – agreement to stop fighting
Conscription – a draft for war.
Convoys – a group of military ships accompanying a merchant ship.
“Dogfight” – air battle
“Dough boys” – American soldiers
Élan – spirit in battle
Entente – friendly understanding
“2-Front War” –
war in
Mandate –
territory administered on behalf of the
Militarism – glorification of armed strength
Mobilize – to get a country’s army into position for a war
Neutrality – policy of not supporting any side
Propaganda – one-sided information that convinces people of a certain point of view.
Rationing – people could buy only small amounts of foods that were needed for the war effort.
Reparations – money to compensate for the enormous costs of the war.
Self-determination – allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live.
“The Great War” – World War 1
Trenches – a deep ditch.
Total War – a war in which nations commit all their resources—human and industrial—to the war effort.
“U-boat” – German submarine
Alexander I – he was the czar during the
Napoleonic wars.
Alexander II – freed the serfs. Gave them Mir (peasant community).
Alexander III – upheld the autocracy and
rejected reform.
Alexander Kerensky
– he made the mistake of keeping
Bolsheviks – supported Lenin. Red Shirts.
Karl Marx – introduced the idea of
communism and haves and have-nots. Slogan: “workers of the world
unite.”
Kerensky’s mistake – the continuation of keeping
Joseph Stalin – Dictator. Succeeded Lenin. Wanted socialism in one
country. Only focused on Russian revolution. Secretary of the Communist party.
Leon Trotsky – chairman of the soviet. Founder of the Red Army.
Mensheviks – opposed Lenin. White Shirts.
Nicholas I – resisted
change. Fought over revolutionary spirit. Lost the Crimean War. Last Romanov dynasty. Censored books,
newspapers, and pamphlets.
Nicholas II – abdicated the throne on March
2, 1917
Nicholas II’s
mistake (s) – Lost the Russo-Japanese War. Trusted his
cousin, Kaiser William II of
Rasputin – influenced the czarina. Holy man. Told her to ignore requests for
reform.
Reds – followers of
Lenin. Bolsheviks
Romanov – Russian dynasty that lasted for more than 3 centuries.
V. I. Lenin – fought for revolution. Was secretly brought back to
Whites – opposers
of Lenin. Mensheviks
Bloody Sunday – during the revolution of
1905, 200,000 workers asked the czar to sign a petition for better working
conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. Between
500 and 1000 people were shot by the czar’s soldiers.
Crimean War – Nicholas I lost the war.
Decembrist Revolt – revolted for a Bill of
Rights and for the uprising bread prices.
Lenin’s slogan – “Peace, land, and bread”
New capital –
Old capital –
Russian Civil War (1918) – Reds vs. Whites
Russo-Japanese War –
Treaty of
Abdicate – to resign as a ruler
Autocrat – a ruler with unlimited power; an
absolute ruler.
Cheka – secret
police
5-year plan – rapid industrialization
(industry, mines, railroads)
Collective Farms – large unit made up of
land from many small farms and owned and operated jointly by a group.
Command economy – an economy with
centralized planning by the state.
Communism = Red (Why?) – Red is the color
of blood, fame, and conquest
Czar – Russian ruler
Duma – parliament
Dynasty – a series of rulers from a single
family.
Mir – peasant community
Narodniki – people
Nihilism – nothing
Pogroms – riots against Jews
Proletariat – common people. Urban working class.
Provisional government – temporary government
Serfdom – slavery of serfs
Social Democrats – one of the two groups
that originated out or
Social Revolutionaries – one of the two
groups that originated out or
Soviet – elected workers’ council
Totalitarian state – a ppolitical system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.
Trans-Siberian Railway – railway to
connect European Russia with Russian ports on the Pacific. Longest
in the world.
Zemstvos – elective councils set up by Alexander II.
Inflation – overproduction, under
consumption. Devaluing of money.
Reform – improvement by changing conditions
of something
Recovery – to return to a normal condition
Relief – the easiness of burden
New Deal – Program of relief, recovery, and
reform. Suggested by Franklin Roosevelt.
Standard of Living – access to necessities
and comforts.
Coalition Government –
temporary alliance of several parties to form a parliamentary majority.
Isolationism – idea for Americans to avoid
political ties to other countries
Demand – request
Free-enterprise – capitalistic system
Supply – to produce and
give.
Relativity – A state of dependence in which the existence or significance of one entity is solely dependent on that of another.
Stores – places where people can buy or
sell different products.
Depression – long business slump
Fireside chats – informal speeches
Bull Market – good business on the stock
market
Bear Market – bad business on the stock market
October 1929 – Black Thursday. Great
Depression started.
President Franklin Roosevelt – proposed the
New Deal.
Freud – wrote a book on hysteria
Albert Einstein – proposed the theory of
relativity. (E=MC2)
Charles Lindbergh – 33 hour solo flight
from
Amelia Earhart –
First woman to fly across the
The Great Depression – Started on Black
Thursday on October 29, 1929.
“Best of Times” – 19th Amendment,
spread of automobiles and air travel, radios, moneymaking stocks.
“Worst of Times” – Stock
market crash, homelessness, poverty.
Kellogg-Brian Pact – renounced war.
Dawes Plan –
19th Amendment – women’s right to vote.
What is Fascism? Where was it “born”?
In
What was Lebensraum?
Living space
What is appeasement?
Believing that Hitler is always right.
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
Laws that excluded from everything. (jobs,
What is a death camp?
Extermination camp. Concentration
camp.
Who was Winston Churchill?
He succeeded Chamberlain as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Explain
how and why
They had a lot of success in WWI. Wanted even more land. Wanted to be recognized as a world power Had urge to win.
What
event brought the
What is island hopping?
Reasons why the
What
relationships did
Friendly relationships.
What role did the RAF play? Luftwaffe?
RAF (Royal Air Force) defeated the Luftwaffe.
What
is the significance of D-Day?
Who were the Axis powers?
Who is Francisco Franco? How were Franco and the Spanish Civil War used by the Axis Powers?
He was a Fascist dictator in
Where was the Maginot Line located?
It’s located on the border of
What did it border?
What was the Cold War?
A time when communist countries opposed non-communist countries.
How
did the
As enemies.
What
is the purpose of the UN and why is the UN stronger than the
It is used to keep peace all over the world. It is stronger because more
countries joined.
What is NATO? What was its communist counterpart?
What is a superpower? A very strong nation.
How did nuclear weapons contribute to the Cold War?
Everyone had them. Too dangerous.
What is an arms race?
A race between countries to produce more weapons than the other.
What was the Balfour Declaration?
It gave the Jews the
Who is Mao Tse-Tung? Chiang Kai-Shek?
Mao Tse-Tung
(Zedong)—led communists in 1949. Defeated the Nationalists.
Communism ruled all of
What
is an aristocracy? It is a government dominated by a small group of noble
families. This kind of government was in
What is a monarchy? A monarchy is a government headed by a king or queen.
What is a constitutional monarchy? A constitutional monarchy is a government headed by a ruler whose power is limited by the law.
What is divine right? It is the belief that rulers receive their authority from God. Therefore, no one can question their actions because they are fulfilling God’s wish.
What
is democracy? It is a government in which the citizens hold the final power.
From
where did it originate? It originated in
What is a Republic? It is a government in which citizens with a right to vote choose their leaders.
From
where did it originate? It originated in
What
was the role of a dictator in
What
are the characteristics of a democracy? They were that citizens had all the
power and, in turn, controlled everything that went on in their nation. The right to vote.
What
principles were established by the Magna Carta?
They were principles such as no taxation without representation and the right
to a jury trial. It also limited the king’s power.
How
is
What
was the Glorious Revolution? In 1688, James II became king and tried to
push Divine Right. Parliament fired him and hired William of Orange and Mary,
James’ daughter. John Lock wrote the Second Treatise of Government in support
of the Glorious revolution. “Bloodless Revolution.”
What
economic idea is related to Adam Smith? Capitalism.
What
were Adam Smith’s three natural laws? 1. The Law of Self-Interest (being selfish),
2. The Law of Competition, and 3. The
Law of Supply and Demand.
Who
is John Locke? What are his beliefs about government? John Locke was a
British philosopher, who wrote “The Second Treatise of Government” to talk
about an unwritten contract between the governed and the government, which says
that people can rebel if the government isn’t doing its job.
What were Thomas Hobbes’ beliefs about human beings? He believed that all humans were naturally wicked. He thought this due to the Civil War.
Who
was Karl Marx? His description of society & history?
He was the founder of Communism. He thought that the society consisted of
utopian socialists. The idea of haves and have-nots.
What
is Laissez-faire? It is the belief in the absence of government regulation
of business. “Hands-off policy”
Compare
& contrast capitalism, socialism, and communism. Capitalism – founded
by Adam Smith. The government doesn’t control anything, and the tax rate is
23%-30%. It’s based on three laws (self-interest, competition, and supply and
demand). Socialism – founded by a group of people from
What is the Enlightenment also called? Why? It is called the Age of Reason because this is when people began doing and thinking what made sense, rather than what was being done and thought before.
What
is a revolution? It is a complete change, in which a country, or in some
cases, the world, is involved in.
What
was the Seven Years’ War? What were the results? It was a war in which
Why
did Louis XVI help the Americans? They were fighting against
Who
wrote the Declaration of
What
was the first colony to successfully gain its independence?
How
were Americans able to win the Revolutionary War? They were more motivated,
they skillfully used hit-and-run tactics, they were fighting at home, which put
Britain at a disadvantage because they were far from their own resources in
England, the British generals were mediocre, while the American leader,
Washington, was great, and Americans had help from France. Expensive
overseas fighting.
What
is a radical? Moderate? Conservative? In
What
were estates? Who made up each? Estates were social classes. The
first estate was the clergy, which consisted of archbishops, bishops, and
abbots, as well as priests. The second estate was the nobles, who were the
richest group. The third estate were the “peasants.”
It was divided into three groups: a city-dwelling middle class (bourgeoisie)
(98%), urban lower classes, and peasant farmers.
When
and what was Bastille Day? It was on July 14, 1789. Mobs in
Who ruled during the Reign of Terror? Maximillian Robespierre.
What event marks the start of the French Revolution? Storming of the Bastille.
How
did Napoleon obtain and maintain power? He obtained power from gaining
popularity by winning wars. He maintained it by remaining popular due to his
army winning wars. Because he was popular, he was elected and re-elected.
How
was Napoleon defeated in his attack against
What
was the outcome of Napoleon’s invasion of
Who was Marie Antoinette? Louis XVI’s wife. Took too many things, and they got caught trying to escape.
Where
did the IR begin?
How can the increase in population be explained? More children were born, and more survived due to better health issues. Better livestock and nutrition
Where
did many people move? Why?
What was the first type of work to be industrialized? Textiles (clothing)
What replaced water power? Steam power
Why did workers join unions? Unions protected all the workers. Gave workers rights.
How did the IR change people’s lives? It changed how they lived, where they lived, where they worked, shopped, how they supported themselves, and how they acted towards each other. There were poor conditions, growth of cities, pollution.
Why did poor working conditions continue for so long? No laws against it. Cities were still developing.
What
nation began to challenge
What is nationalism? The belief that a person’s greatest loyalty should be to a nation-state.
What was the state of the Austrian Empire by the end of the 1800s? It was falling apart. Very weak.
Who used “blood and iron” to unite his country? Its meaning? Otto von Bismark. War is needed for peace.
What
was the cause and result of the Franco-Prussian War? Cause—Napoleon III’s letter was intercepted. Had to
attack
What
two countries were at odds during this time?
Who
is Giuseppe Garibaldi? Camillo di
Cavour? Garibaldi – lead Red Shirts. United southern
What
is realpolitik? It is “the politics of reality.”
They are used to describe the tough, practical politics in which idealism plays
no part.
Who
had the largest colonial empire by the 1900s?
What were the causes of imperialism? Gold, Glory, God.
What
continent was carved up and almost completely conquered? How was this
done so easily?
What
was the Conference of
What is a missionary? They are people who try to convert other religious followers to their religions.
How
did medicine and inventions help colonized
Who
founded Buddhism? Where? Siddhartha Guatma.
What is the cast system? Organized society. Priestsàwarriorsàmerchantsàlaborersàuntouchables.
What was the Sepoy Mutiny? Gun cartridges sealed w/ beef and pork fat. Muslims aren’t allowed to come in contact w/ pork; Hindus—with beef.
What
Muslim country was created out of
Who
was Gandhi and what did he believe? He was a peace activist, who believed
in non-violent ways to resolve problems.
Those who follow Islam are called… Muslims
The “untouchables” are part of what religion? Hinduism
What
was the
The
Boer War: Who? What? Where? When? Why? 1. Dutch. 2. War of land. 3.
What is apartheid? A complete separation of races.
Who
is Nelson Mandela? He was the first black president of
What were the causes of WWI? Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Alliances. Rivalries. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
What leader of World War I suffered from a crippled arm? Wilhelm II
What event sparked the start of WWI? Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
What is an alliance? How are they beneficial? Dangerous? A team of two or more nations that will support each other in case of war. They are good because nations have each other’s backs. If nations are with someone, then they are against someone, which may lead to war.
What
countries made up the Central Powers? Allies?
Why
did
Why
did
What
was the Schlieffen Plan? Why was it created? It
was a plan to fight
What was the primary form of warfare? Tanks, grenades, gases, machine guns, submarines, airplanes. Trench warfare.
What
brought the
Who
was the Zimmermann Telegram intended for? The German minister of
Why did it seam as if no one had won by the end of WWI? There was no exact winner. Everybody lost a lot of people and supplies. No real solution to any problems. No good government types. “Stalemate.”
What is total war? When nations at war put all their efforts and money into the war effort.
What is propaganda? What are its purposes? It is promoting something. During war times, to make people sign up for the army. Peace time, to promote a product.
What is an armistice? An agreement to stop fighting
What
treaty ended Russian involvement in the war? Treaty of
What
did
Which
countries never joined the
What
was
What
conditions did the Treaty of
What
country was formed out of the
Describe
What
disadvantages of
Explain Bloody Sunday. During the revolution of 1905, 200,000 workers asked the czar to sign a petition for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. Between 500 and 1000 people were shot by the czar’s soldiers. Czar not there.
How
did
Who is Rasputin? Why was he so influential? He was a very strong, powerful man. He told the czarina to ignore the cries for reform. He saved her son from
Who led the Bolshevik Revolution? Lenin
What were his goals? “Peace, land, and bread”
What is a soviet? An elected workers’ council
What is the Red Army? Bolsheviks—Lenin’s followers
What is the White Army? Mensheviks—opposed Lenin.
Who was Leon Trotsky? Chairman of the soviet. Founder and leader of the Red Army. Wanted world revolution.
Who was the czar during the Russo-Japanese War? Nicholas II
What
was the result of the war?
What did Lenin mean by “dictatorship of the proletariat”? A temporary dictator was needed for the survival of the government
Who
was Kerensky and what was his mistake? A general during WWI. Mistake—kept
What is a totalitarian leader? A leader, who has all of the power and control over all of the people.
How was Stalin’s rule similar to that of the Russian czars? He was a dictator. He had total power. If anyone opposed him, he killed him or her.
What were Stalin’s 5-Year Plans? Rapid industrialization (industry, mines, railroads)
What are collective farms? Large unit made up of land from many small farms and owned and operated jointly by a group.
What event initiated the Great Depression? World War I
What is inflation? Under consumption, overproduction.
What was isolationism? Idea that a country should avoid political or military alliances with other countries.
Why did Americans feel strongly about it? They didn’t want to get involved. “If you’re with someone, your against someone” –results in war.
How
did the Depression in the
What
is Fascism? Where was it “born”? In
What
was Lebensraum?
What is appeasement? Believing that Hitler is always right.
What
were the
What
is a death camp? Extermination camp.
Who
was Winston Churchill? He succeeded Chamberlain as Prime Minister of Great
Britain.
Explain
how and why
What
event brought the
What
is island hopping?
Reasons why the
What
relationships did
What
is the significance of the
What
is the significance of D-Day?
Who
were the Axis powers?
Who is Francisco Franco? How were Franco and the
Spanish Civil War used by the Axis Powers?
Where
was the Maginot Line located? It’s located on the
border of
What
did it border?
What was the Cold War? A time when communist countries opposed non-communist countries.
How
did the
What
is the purpose of the UN and why is the UN stronger than the
What
is NATO? What was its communist counterpart?
What is a superpower? A very powerful country
How did nuclear weapons contribute to the Cold War? Everyone had them. Too dangerous.
What is an arms race? A race between countries to produce more weapons than the other.
What
was the Balfour Declaration?
Who
is Mao Tse-Tung? Chiang Kai-Shek? Mao Tse-Tung
(Zedong)—led communists in 1949. Defeated the Nationalists.
Communism ruled all of