A battery is made up of one or more .
How do weHow do we know that a redox reaction is spontaneous? We must consider something called the standared electrode potential for both the sxidation adn reduction half-reactions. ("Standard" just means any solutions are 1 M and any gases are at 1 atm.) The standard electrode potential (symbolized by E0)meaures, in volts, the electric potential difference (which is like potential energy) of a given half-reaction relative to the half-reaction:
