Human Anatomy
Assignment Week 1.
- Read Chapter 1
- Start Vocabulary List
Notes 1
Page 1
An Introduction to Anatomy
Anatomy is the study of structures.
Physiology is the study of functions.
All specific functions are performed by specific structures!!!
(Nasal Cavity pages 621 and 623.)
MICROSCOPIC (fine) anatomy
- cannot be seen without magnification
- specialties include: Cytology and Histology
MACROSCOPIC (gross) anatomy
- can be seen with the unaided eye
- approaches: surface, regional, systemic
- specialties include: developmental (embryology), comparative
Levels of Organization:
- I ORGANISM
- II (organ) SYSTEM
- III ORGAN
- IV TISSUE
- V CELLULAR
- VI CHEMICAL/MOLECULAR
There are eleven "Organ Systems" in the human body, they are:
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive (male and female)
Page 2
The properties and processes of all living organisms:
- Responsiveness (irritability and adaptability)
- Growth and Differentiation
- Reproduction
- Movement
- Metabolism (all chemical operations in the body) and Excretion
Homeostasis is the result of the normal functioning of all 11 organ systems.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.
The Language of Anatomy
Superficial (surface):
- anatomical landmarks (cephalon, cervicics, trunk, carpus, tarsus, limbs)
- anatomical regions (quadrants and regions of the abdomen)
- anatomical directions (superior-inferior; lateral-medial; proximal-distal; etc.
Sectional:
- planes of section (transverse, sagittal, frontal)
- body cavities (dorsal-ventral)
Dorsal Cavity- contains the cranial and spinal cavities
Ventral Cavity- contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- Thoracic Cavity- contains the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity
- Abdominopelvic Cavity- contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
The DIAPHRAGM (an organ on the muscular system) separates the ventral body cavities.
