Ch 12
The Conciliar Movement
The church should be reformed through periodic assemblies.
Favored a general council that was superior to the pope.
Morqisilio of Padua and and John Wyclif involved
Removed property from the church.
Many other churches needed ecclesiastical reform
Dante Alighieri
1265-1321
Wrote the Divine Comedy 35+33+33+1, Hell Puratory and Paradise
Desended from family in Florence
Embraced phycological feelings of the age.
1st major work of literature in the Italian vernacular
Geoffrey Chaucer
1340-1400
Son of a londo wise merchant
Canterbury tales reflects cultural tensions at the time.
30 short stores from 20 people on a pilgramage to the shire of St. Thomas in
Canterbury.
Jacquerie
In 1358, when french taxation for the 100 year’s war weighed heavily on the poor, the
frustrations of the french peasantry exploded in a massive uprising.
Named aftter a mythical agricultural laborer, Jacques Bonhomme.
Pope Gregory XI
In 1377 brought the papal court back to Rome.
Died shortly thereafter.
Urban suceeded him
The moving would arise the Concilier Movement
Pope Urban VI
Wanted to reform church.
I’ll tempered
Thought to be insane. Anti-Pope Clement VII went against him.
Led to Great Schism.
Replaced by Martin V.
John Wyclif
Stated scriptures alone should be standard.
Wanted to abolish practices such as veneration of Saints, pilgrimages, pluralism, and
absenteeism.
Wanted church to be striped of property
Every Christian free of moral sin possessed leadership
Led to the printing of the first English Bible.
The followers were called Lollards.
Fur-Collar Crime
Called for the miniver fur the nobility alone was allowed to wear on their collars.
Rarely involved felonies such as homicide, robbery, rape, and arson.
Most were robbing and extortion.
The Judicial system was weak and easily bribed
The Babylonian Captivity
Seventy year period that the ancient Hebrews were held captive in Mesopotamia
Babylon.
It damaged papal prestige and left Rome poverty-stricken.
Pope Clement VII
Defied Urban VI.
Led to great Schism and the Conciliar movement.
Set himself up at Avlation in France
Never elected as real pope
Edward III
Succeeded his father as king of England.
Wanted the French Thrown
Led to 100 years war
Cause great economic losses.
Signed law that king could not tax without parliments consent
Charles VII
Prophecized to become king of France by Joan of Arc.
10 days after the victory of Orleans (May 8th) he was crowned king at Reims.
This event helped to end the war.
Did not want General Assembly in church
Phillip VI
Succeeded Phillipthe Fair as Frances ruler.
Edward II wanted the throne of France but the barons did not want him.
Led to the 100 years war.
Intended to destroy all of England
Queen Isabella
Queen of England
On January 1322, she had, her lover Mortimer, and a group of barons muder the
King of England Edward II.
Held power till 1330 when Edward III took over.
Edward II
King of England.
Murdered by Mortimer, Isabella, and a group of barons.
Edward III suceeded him.
Joan of Arc
French Peasant girl.
Born in 1412 in the village of Domremy.
Heard voices belonging to St. Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Maragret.
Told Charles VII to should be crowned and England removed
Cut her hair short and dressed like a man
April 28, 1429, 17 years old
Provided Morale support
10 Days later, Charles was crowned.
1430 Captured and sold to the English, then burned at the stake.
Marsiglio of Padua
Rector of Unversity of Paris and Published the Defender of Peace.
Said the state was the greatest wifying power with the church subordinate.
Ideas such as the church should have no incoherent jurisdiction and should own
property.
Believed in a grand council taht is superior to the Pope.
Condemed by the Pope.
Jan Hus
Approved of many of the reforms.
Emperor invited into the general council of safe conduct but was arrested instead.
Liked Wyclifs ideas.
His death date on July 26 was declared a Holiday in the Czech Republic.
Francois Villon
1431-1463
Greatest poet of late midevil Europe.
University of Paris Lais Grand Testament Balled des pendus wrote in the language
of french.
Martin V
Scceded Pope Urban to end the Great Schism.
Dissolved the great council of the Church.
Elected druing the great counsil of Constance.
Christine de Pisan
1363-1434
The daughter of a professor of astrology at Bologna whose international repuation
earned him a post at the French royal court.
Produced the Livre de la Mutacion de Fortune, The Book of Three Virtues.
Henry V
At Agincourt near Arrai in 1415
The Chivalric English soldier-king gained the field over vastly superior #s.
Reconquered Normandy
Craft Guilds
14th century wanted to maintain a monopoly. Limited number of masters.
Excluded most women from guilds.
Strikes sometimes.
Regulations and tests were given to restrict the number of workers.
Flagellants
extremists groups who whippsed and scourged themselves as penace for their and
society’s sins, in the belief that the Black Death was God’s punishment for
humanity’s wickedness.
Peasant Revolt of 1381
Caused by Angered citizens.
Most failed with people dying
Ended Feudalism and many died.