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Ch 12

The Conciliar Movement The church should be reformed through periodic assemblies. Favored a general council that was superior to the pope. Morqisilio of Padua and and John Wyclif involved Removed property from the church. Many other churches needed ecclesiastical reform

Dante Alighieri 1265-1321 Wrote the Divine Comedy 35+33+33+1, Hell Puratory and Paradise Desended from family in Florence Embraced phycological feelings of the age. 1st major work of literature in the Italian vernacular

Geoffrey Chaucer 1340-1400 Son of a londo wise merchant Canterbury tales reflects cultural tensions at the time. 30 short stores from 20 people on a pilgramage to the shire of St. Thomas in Canterbury.

Jacquerie In 1358, when french taxation for the 100 year’s war weighed heavily on the poor, the frustrations of the french peasantry exploded in a massive uprising. Named aftter a mythical agricultural laborer, Jacques Bonhomme.

Pope Gregory XI In 1377 brought the papal court back to Rome. Died shortly thereafter. Urban suceeded him The moving would arise the Concilier Movement

Pope Urban VI Wanted to reform church. I’ll tempered Thought to be insane. Anti-Pope Clement VII went against him. Led to Great Schism. Replaced by Martin V.

John Wyclif Stated scriptures alone should be standard. Wanted to abolish practices such as veneration of Saints, pilgrimages, pluralism, and absenteeism. Wanted church to be striped of property Every Christian free of moral sin possessed leadership Led to the printing of the first English Bible. The followers were called Lollards.

Fur-Collar Crime Called for the miniver fur the nobility alone was allowed to wear on their collars. Rarely involved felonies such as homicide, robbery, rape, and arson. Most were robbing and extortion. The Judicial system was weak and easily bribed

The Babylonian Captivity Seventy year period that the ancient Hebrews were held captive in Mesopotamia Babylon. It damaged papal prestige and left Rome poverty-stricken.

Pope Clement VII Defied Urban VI. Led to great Schism and the Conciliar movement. Set himself up at Avlation in France Never elected as real pope

Edward III Succeeded his father as king of England. Wanted the French Thrown Led to 100 years war Cause great economic losses. Signed law that king could not tax without parliments consent

Charles VII Prophecized to become king of France by Joan of Arc. 10 days after the victory of Orleans (May 8th) he was crowned king at Reims. This event helped to end the war. Did not want General Assembly in church

Phillip VI Succeeded Phillipthe Fair as Frances ruler. Edward II wanted the throne of France but the barons did not want him. Led to the 100 years war. Intended to destroy all of England

Queen Isabella Queen of England On January 1322, she had, her lover Mortimer, and a group of barons muder the King of England Edward II. Held power till 1330 when Edward III took over.

Edward II King of England. Murdered by Mortimer, Isabella, and a group of barons. Edward III suceeded him.

Joan of Arc French Peasant girl. Born in 1412 in the village of Domremy. Heard voices belonging to St. Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Maragret. Told Charles VII to should be crowned and England removed Cut her hair short and dressed like a man April 28, 1429, 17 years old Provided Morale support 10 Days later, Charles was crowned. 1430 Captured and sold to the English, then burned at the stake.

Marsiglio of Padua Rector of Unversity of Paris and Published the Defender of Peace. Said the state was the greatest wifying power with the church subordinate. Ideas such as the church should have no incoherent jurisdiction and should own property. Believed in a grand council taht is superior to the Pope. Condemed by the Pope.

Jan Hus Approved of many of the reforms. Emperor invited into the general council of safe conduct but was arrested instead. Liked Wyclifs ideas. His death date on July 26 was declared a Holiday in the Czech Republic.

Francois Villon 1431-1463 Greatest poet of late midevil Europe. University of Paris Lais Grand Testament Balled des pendus wrote in the language of french.

Martin V Scceded Pope Urban to end the Great Schism. Dissolved the great council of the Church. Elected druing the great counsil of Constance.

Christine de Pisan 1363-1434 The daughter of a professor of astrology at Bologna whose international repuation earned him a post at the French royal court. Produced the Livre de la Mutacion de Fortune, The Book of Three Virtues.

Henry V At Agincourt near Arrai in 1415 The Chivalric English soldier-king gained the field over vastly superior #s. Reconquered Normandy

Craft Guilds 14th century wanted to maintain a monopoly. Limited number of masters. Excluded most women from guilds. Strikes sometimes. Regulations and tests were given to restrict the number of workers.

Flagellants extremists groups who whippsed and scourged themselves as penace for their and society’s sins, in the belief that the Black Death was God’s punishment for humanity’s wickedness.

Peasant Revolt of 1381 Caused by Angered citizens. Most failed with people dying Ended Feudalism and many died.