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April 23, 2003
 
Michael -Webmaster
Mr. Kivel - Teacher
 
 
     
 
 
 

Talmud 101

Class 2 Notes

In this class, we began looking at a page from the Talmud. First we looked at the layout of the page. The following concepts were brought up:

* Page number is in Hebrew at the top left of the page (e.g. chof-vov is page 26).
* The tractate of the Gemara is to the right of the page number (e.g. Brachot).
* The perek (chapter) of the tractate is to the right of the tractate name (e.g. perek shlishi (3rd chapter)).
* The first words of the mishna on the page are to the right of the chapter name.

* The text of the mishna and gemara run down the center of the page.

* The Tosofot commentary runs down the left side of the mishna/gemara.
* The Rashi commentary runs down the right side of the mishna/gemara.

* Amod means “side of the page”. Amod aleph is the front side of the page. Amod bet is the back side of the page.

* The first word of the mishna is highlighted in bigger, boldfaced letters. The gemara that follows starts with the letters, Gimmel Mem.


Stages of Learning Mishna

1) Read through mishna to understand the words
2) Punctuate the mishna

Example:
Woman, without her man, is nothing.
Woman, with her, man is nothing.

3) Analyze the mishna

We studied the mishna “Tefillat Hashachar” which deals with prayer and until what time the set prayers must be said. It is suggested that when we read through a mishna, we graph out the various arguments. In our mishna, the graph below was derived in class:
 
 
After reading this mishna, we came up with more questions than the mishna answered. For example:

* When can the prayers be started
* What if one misses the prayers because of extenuating circumstances?
* What about a time zone change?
* Why is meant by “No set time” for maariv?
* When does the day start and when does it end?

The Torah talks about the following benchmarks during a day:

 
 
  What constitutes a day?

* Sunrise to sunset?
* Pillars of light to 3 stars?

Terms & Concepts


Halachic Hour – Determined by the amount of daylight in a day / varies based on
geographic location and time of year. The total number of minutes of daylight are divided by 12 to determine the length of the halachic hour.

P’lag Hamincha – Midway point between afternoon (halachic) hours (hours 6 – 12) –
the 9th hour of the day

When the words “R’xxx says” follows a mishna or any other halachic statement, there will be an argument or 2nd opinion. When the words “Says R’xxx” appear, there is not an argument.

Virminahu – Derived from the word “rami”, meaning “to throw upon”. When one sees
this words, it means a contradiction will be brought in from another source of equal authority.

There are two different types of kashas (opinions):

A. Where both opinions are on the same level (e.g. both are Amorim or both are Tannaim).
B. One opinion is later (e.g. Tannaim) and the other is earlier (e.g. Amorim). By definition, the earlier opinion is authoritative. The individual instigating the later opinion can:

* Give up and say the earlier opinion is authoritative
* Distinguish himself by trying to differentiate himself and his opinion from the earlier opinion
* Find an earlier opinion from an equivalent authority which matches his own opinion

Gematria – Each Hebrew letter possesses a numerical value. See below for details.

  Aleph 1
Beit 2
Gimmel 3
Dalet 4
Hei 5
Vav 6
Zayin 7
Chet 8
Tet 9
Yud 10
Kaf 11
Lamed 12

Mem 40

  Nun 50
Samech 60
Ayin 70
Pei 80
Tzadik 90
Kuf 100
Reish 200
Shin 300
Tav 400
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