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April 23, 2003
 
Michael -Webmaster
Mr. Kivel - Teacher
 
 
     
 
 
 
  I would like to thank Lang Chabad Center of Plano. The class I took was

taught by the very knowledgeable Rabbi Cytrin. If you would like to contact the Chabad of Plano feel free to write to Rabbi Block at connect@chabadplano.org.

 
Talmud 101
Class 1 Notes

The purpose of the first class was to cover the history of the Oral Torah (Torah Shel Be’al Pe).

The class discussed reasons for having two types of Torahs – written and oral. The following list was generated:

 

Written

Oral
 
Permanence
Empathic Relationship
Easier to Pass On
Explanation
Abbreviated
Alive
Principles
Expanded
Immutable
Details
Reference
Debate
Some examples from written Torah were given to emphasize the need for an oral law to explain the commandment:

1) You should slaughter the animal “like I commanded you” – This refers to ritual slaughter (kashrut). However, nowhere in the written Torah is act of slaughter defined and detailed. Only in the oral Torah do we see the specifics with regard to ritual slaughter.

2) “Bind them as a sign upon your arm and let them be tefillin between your eyes” – the commandment for wearing tefillin is specified in the Shema found in the written Torah (Devarim/Deuteronomy 6:5-9) – The written Torah specifies that we must wear tefillin, but it says nothing about what the tefillin look like, what material they’re made out of, what is contained inside, how they should be worn, when they should be worn, etc. All these specifics are found only in the oral Torah.


History of Oral Law

Timeline -- Development of Oral Law

Sinai --> Moshe -->Mishna (200 BCE – 200 CE)

Gemara (200 CE – 500 CE) Geonim (800 CE)

Rishnomin (1000 CE – Rambam / Rashi)

Achronim (1500 CE – Shulchan Aruch – Code of Jewish Law)

 

200 CE R. Yehuda Ha Nasi compiled the Mishna.

The oral law was written down to preserve it from being destroyed by the Galut (Exile) of the Jews.

The oral law was written in such a way such that the characteristics of an oral tradition would be maintained:

Different opinions are brought in
Intentionally ambiguous
Words are left out

The scholars of the Mishna are called Tannaim.

200 CE – Babylonian Gemara written by Ravina and R. Ashi – This literary work
500 CE attempted to interpret the Mishna.

The scholars of the Gemara are called Amoraim.


Terms & Concepts

Machlochet – Argument amongst equals (e.g. an argument between two or more Tannaim)


MISHNA + GEMARA = TALMUD

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