The
primary results from our experiment can be summarized as significant because
out of the 4 word
lists we presented,
subjects were able to recognize 60 percent of the critical nonpresented
words, which
is consistent
with previous research on creating false memories. Our findings suggest
that there was a high
level of false
recall during the recognition test due to the filler math problem task.
Had the subjects been
asked to recognize
the words in the "New/Old" test without the math problems, they would have
recalled
more words
accurately. Our other findings showed that the subjects judged the critical
lure words as "Old"
and "Remember"
in the same manner as they chose the studied words, suggesting that false
memories
were created.
Our findings
support previous research, such as Roediger and McDermott (1995) because
both studies
showed that
false memories can be created. Roediger and McDermott (1995) asked participants
to listen to a
series of
words to recall the list or to solve math problems. After the recall task,
participants were given a
recognition
test in which they were asked to make a judgment on either old-new and
know-remember words.
The results
of Roediger and McDermott's study indicated that in the recall task, subjects
recalled the critical
nonpresented
word on 55% of the lists. The results also indicated that the act of recall
helped the subjects
recognize
more words. This can be attributed to critical lure words that were not
present in the word lists.
These findings
are relevant because they suggest that people can be manipulated into believing
something
is there when
it really isn't. This has crucial importance when dealing with psychology
patients who suddenly
recall repressed
memories of acts of abuse during therapy. This also has important value
to criminal cases on
trial with
witness testimony, because it shows that their memories can be distorted
and the court system might
want to rethink
their eyewitness questioning methods
The experimenters
tried to minimize anything that would cause complications in this study.
The only problem
we had was
attributed to a small number of participants. We had only 18 college graduates
which can cause
a bias in
the results. Perhaps a larger sample would show different results.
Another improvement
to this study can be the way the stimulus was presented. In Roediger and
McDermott,
their participants
were given auditory lists of words to remember. Our experiment had a visual
stimulus which
can cause
different results. Even though the results stayed true with previous research,
perhaps a larger
sample would
show otherwise.
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