What is Artificial Intelligence?
It is the use of science and engineering to build machines that have and understand the knowledge of a human.
Machines are capable of human characteristics like:
1. Speech
2. Hearing
3. Learning
4. Solve problems
But what is intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to achieve goals in the world.
It occurs in humans, animals and some machines.
Types of AI
Logical
Programs make decisions by knowing what actions need to be done to achieve its goal.
Search
Figuring out many different possibilities.
Example- the amount of moves in a chess game
Pattern Recognition
Programs make observations and compare them to a previous pattern.
Example- A program can acknowledge a nose and eyes, in which it attempts to find a face.
Representation
Math logic is usually used to represent facts about the world to programs.
Inference
Making assumptions with reasoning to find a conclusion.
Example: When we hear a bird, we conclude it can fly. However, once we see that it is a penguin, the conclusion changes.
Experience
Programs learn facts and behaviors they are familiar with.
Example: When you put that hand on the hot stove, you burn your hand. Therefore, you understand not to do it anymore.
Planning
Programs establish a strategy for achieving a certain goal.
They gain strategies from understanding effects of action.
Epistemology
The study of knowledge which is used for solving problems.
Ontology
The study of all things that exist.
Programs deal with different objects and find their basic properties.
Heuristics
A way to discover an idea within a program.
Example- Advising a program to accept a credit card purchase.
Genetic programming
Getting programs to solve a task by putting random programs together.
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