Shadi Kobty
Exam 2
1.) What is meant by the statement " Memory is reconstructive in nature"? Give an example from personal experiences.
People reconstruct memories, piecing them together from a few highlights and using information that may or may not be accurate. I remember alot of times where i wouldnt remember what happened in a past experience until someone else would mention something that happened and then i would remember more of what i saw.
2.) what conditions reduce the reliability of eyewitness testimony? List the conditions and give examples.
The conditions that reduce the reliability of the eyewitness is if an officer or somebody shows them a picture before they see the line up. That way when they see the persons face they saw a picture of itll register if that they've seen them before and might leed to false acqusement.
3.) What is the controversy regarding the therapy used to recover repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse? Give your opinion abou the factors involved in such cases?
Critics argue that therapists using hypnosis and guided imagery to help their patients recover repressed memories of abuse are actually implanting false memories in those patients. I think i could work both ways in helping and maybe implanting false memories.
4.) How does culture influence memory? Give an example from your personal experiences.
Culture could influence memory in the way that something to their culture could mean alot more then to someone else with a different culture. Im my family, are weddings are alot more fun and different so I remember alot more if it then someone else would remember a different wedding.
5.) How do we form images, and how does imagery help us think and behave?
Imagery is a mental representation of sensory experiences. they help you remember things by what they look like and how it affected you.
6.) What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Define each and give an example of each.
Deductive reasoning involves reasoing from the general to specific or drawing conclusions, inductive reasoining, general conclusions are drawm from particular facts or individual cases.
7.) how does framaing help with decision making? Define and give an example of framing either from personaql experience or from the presidenial debates.
Framing is the way information is presented so as to emphasize either a potential gain or a potential loss as the outcome of a decision based on that information. I'd figure you can use framing as different ways to tell people good or bad news, kind of like the attitude you give them before they know whats goin on.
8.) How do funtional fixedness and mental set impede problem solving? Define each term and cite an example from each case.
Fuctional fixed is the tendency to view objects only in terms of their customary fuctions. Mental set is the tendancy to apply a familiar strategy that was sucessful in the past to solve new problems. A way to descibe that is a functional fix would be an ordinary person looking at a car, and the mental fix would be a machanic looking at the car and knowning what all the parts do.
9.) What factors underlie intelligence, according to Spearman and Thurstone?
spearman believed that intelligence is composed of a general ability which underlies all intellectual functions, Thurstone identitied seven primary mental abilities which singly or in combination, are involved in all intellectual activities.
10.) What are reliability, vadility, and standardization importand in intelligence testing?
An intelligence test must be reliable and valid and must be standardized. Reliability is the ability ofthe test to yield nearly the same score each time a person takes it. Validity is the ability of the test to measure what i sintended to measure. Standardization involes following prescribed procedures for administering the test.
11.) what is the nature-nature controversy regarding intelligence and how do twin studies support the view that intelligence is inherited?
Its the debate over wheather intelligence is primarily determined by heredity or by the invironment,br>
12.) How does creative thinking differ from other forms of coognition? What kinds of tests have been used to measure creativity? what are some characteristics of creative people?
guilfold suggests that creativity involes divergent thinking. Baer argues that creativity flows naturally from accumulated knowledge in an area of expertise. the consequences test and the remote associates tests are 2 to measure creativity. Creative people share characteristics such as expertise, openness to experience, independance of mindand perseverance.
